Umhlwa yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezibangelaivalveumonakalo. Ngoko ke, kwiivalveukhuseleko, ivalve anti-corrosion ngumba obalulekileyo ekufuneka uqwalaselwe.
Ivalveifom ye-corrosion
I-corrosion yesinyithi ibangelwa ubukhulu becala kukubola kweekhemikhali kunye ne-electrochemical corrosion, kunye ne-corrosion ye-non-metallic materials ngokuqhelekileyo ibangelwa yimichiza ethe ngqo kunye nezenzo zomzimba.
1. Ukonakala kweekhemikhali
Ngaphantsi kwemeko yokuba akukho okwangoku iveliswayo, i-medium ejikelezileyo isabela ngokuthe ngqo ngetsimbi kwaye iyitshabalalise, njengokubola kwesinyithi nge-high-temperature eyomileyo yegesi kunye nesisombululo esingenayo i-electrolytic.
2. I-galvanic corrosion
Isinyithi sidibanisa ne-electrolyte, okubangelwa ukuhamba kwee-electron, okubangela ukuba konakaliswe yisenzo se-electrochemical, eyona ndlela iphambili yokubola.
I-acid-base yetyuwa yesisombululo esiqhelekileyo, i-atmospheric corrosion, i-corrosion yomhlaba, i-corrosion yamanzi olwandle, i-microbial corrosion, i-pitting corrosion kunye ne-crevice corrosion ye-stainless steel, njl., zonke ziyi-electrochemical corrosion. I-electrochemical corrosion ayenzeki kuphela phakathi kwezinto ezimbini ezinokudlala indima yeekhemikhali, kodwa ikwavelisa iiyantlukwano ezinokubakho ngenxa yomahluko wokuxinana kwesisombululo, umahluko woxinaniso lweoksijini ejikelezileyo, umahluko omncinci kulwakhiwo lwento, njl. njl., kwaye ifumana amandla okubola, ukuze isinyithi esinamandla aphantsi kunye nendawo yepleyiti yelanga eyomileyo ilahleke.
Isantya sokubola kwevalve
Umlinganiselo wokudleka unokwahlulwa ngokwamabakala amathandathu:
(1) Imelana nomhlwa ngokupheleleyo: izinga lokutya lingaphantsi kwe-0.001 mm/ngonyaka
(2) Ukumelana nomhlwa ngokugqithisileyo: izinga lokuthotywa kwe-0.001 ukuya kwi-0.01 mm/ngonyaka
(3) Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-Corrosion: izinga lokubola kwe-0.01 ukuya kwi-0.1 mm / ngonyaka
(4) Iyakwazi ukumelana nomhlwa: izinga lokutya 0.1 ukuya kwi-1.0 mm/ngonyaka
(5) Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion embi: izinga lokubola kwe-1.0 ukuya kwi-10 mm / ngonyaka
(6) Ayinyangeki kumhlwa: izinga lokutya lingaphezulu kwe-10 mm/ngonyaka.
Amanyathelo alithoba okunqanda ukubola
1. Khetha imathiriyeli enganyangekiyo ngokwendawo edlayo
Kwimveliso yangempela, i-corrosion ye-medium iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, nokuba i-valve ye-valve esetyenziswe kwindawo efanayo iyafana, i-concentration, iqondo lokushisa kunye noxinzelelo lwe-medium iyahluka, kwaye i-corrosion ye-medium ukuya kwizinto ayifani. Ngalo lonke i-10 ° C ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa eliphakathi, izinga lokubola linyuka malunga ne-1 ~ 3 amaxesha.
Ugxininiso oluphakathi lunempembelelo enkulu kwi-corrosion yezinto ze-valve, ezifana ne-lead kwi-asidi ye-sulfuric ene-concentration encinci, i-corrosion incinci kakhulu, kwaye xa i-concentration idlula i-96%, i-corrosion iphakama ngokukhawuleza. I-Carbon steel, ngokuchaseneyo, ine-corrosion enzima kakhulu xa i-sulfuric acid concentration i malunga ne-50%, kwaye xa i-concentration inyuka ibe ngaphezu kwe-60%, i-corrosion iyancipha ngokukhawuleza. Umzekelo, i-aluminiyam igqwesa kakhulu kwi-asidi ye-nitric egxininisiweyo kunye noxinzelelo olungaphezu kwe-80%, kodwa iyingozi kakhulu kwi-acidity ephakathi kunye nephantsi ye-nitric acid, kwaye insimbi engenasici iyamelana kakhulu nokunciphisa i-nitric acid, kodwa iyancipha ngaphezu kwe-95% ye-nitric acid.
Ukususela kwimizekelo engentla, kunokubonwa ukuba ukhetho oluchanekileyo lwezixhobo ze-valve kufuneka lusekelwe kwimeko ethile, ukuhlalutya izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo ezichaphazela ukubola, kwaye ukhethe izinto eziphathekayo ngokwemigaqo echasene ne-corrosion manual.
2. Sebenzisa izinto ezingezizo ezentsimbi
Ukuchasana kwe-corrosion ye-non-metallic kugqwesileyo, nje ukuba ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo lwevalve luhlangabezana neemfuno zezinto ezingezizo ezentsimbi, alunakucombulula kuphela ingxaki ye-corrosion, kodwa nokugcina isinyithi esixabisekileyo. Umzimba wevalvu, ibhonethi, i-lining, umphezulu wokutywina kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ezingezozentsimbi zenziwe.
Iiplastiki ezifana ne-PTFE kunye ne-chlorinated polyether, kunye nerabha yendalo, i-neoprene, irabha ye-nitrile kunye nezinye iirubha zisetyenziselwa umgca wevalve, kunye nomzimba oyintloko webhonethi yomzimba wevalve yenziwe ngentsimbi etyhidiweyo kunye ne-carbon steel. Ayiqinisekisi kuphela amandla e-valve, kodwa iphinda iqinisekise ukuba i-valve ayinayo i-corrod.
Kule mihla, ziya zisanda iiplastiki ezifana nenayiloni kunye ne-PTFE ezisetyenziswayo, kwaye irabha yendalo kunye nerabha eyenziweyo isetyenziselwa ukwenza imiphezulu eyahlukeneyo yokutywina kunye namakhonkco okutywina, asetyenziswa kwiivalvu ezahlukeneyo. Ezi zixhobo ezingezizo zetsimbi ezisetyenziselwa ukutywina azikho nje ukuxhathisa okulungileyo kokugqwala, kodwa zinomsebenzi wokutywina ofanelekileyo, ofaneleke ngokukodwa ukusetyenziswa kwimidiya kunye namasuntswana. Ngokuqinisekileyo, abanamandla kwaye baxhathisa ukushisa, kwaye uluhlu lwezicelo lulinganiselwe.
3. Unyango lwesinyithi
(1) Uxhulumaniso lwe-valve: I-snail yokudibanisa i-valve idla ngokuphathwa nge-galvanizing, i-chrome plating, kunye ne-oxidation (blue) ukuphucula ukukwazi ukuxhathisa ukubola kwe-atmospheric kunye ne-medium. Ukongeza kwezi ndlela zikhankanywe ngasentla, ezinye izibophelelo nazo ziphathwa ngonyango oluphezulu olufana ne-phosphating ngokwemeko.
(2) Umphezulu wokutywina kunye neendawo ezivaliweyo ezinobubanzi obuncinci: iinkqubo ze-surface ezifana ne-nitriding kunye ne-boronizing zisetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukuxhathisa ukubola kunye nokumelana nokunxiba.
(3) I-Stem anti-corrosion: i-nitriding, i-boronization, i-chrome plating, i-nickel plating kunye nezinye iinkqubo zonyango zonyango zisetyenziselwa ngokubanzi ukuphucula ukuxhathisa ukubola, ukuxhathisa ukubola kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwe-abrasion.
Unyango olwahlukileyo lomphezulu kufuneka lufaneleke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ze-stem kunye neendawo zokusebenza, kwi-atmosphere, umphunga wamanzi ophakathi kunye ne-asbestos yokupakisha isiqu soqhagamshelwano, unokusebenzisa i-chrome plating enzima, inkqubo ye-nitriding yegesi (insimbi engenasici ayifanele isebenzise inkqubo ye-ion nitriding): kwindawo ye-hydrogen sulfide emoyeni usebenzisa i-electroplating ephezulu ye-nickel yokukhusela ukusebenza kwe-nickel; I-38CrMOAIA inokunganyangeki kwi-ion kunye negesi ye-nitriding, kodwa i-chrome eqinileyo yokugquma ayifanelekanga ukusetyenziswa; I-2Cr13 inokuxhathisa i-ammonia corrosion emva kokucima kunye nokutshisa, kunye nentsimbi ye-carbon sebenzisa i-nitriding yegesi ingakwazi ukuxhathisa i-ammonia corrosion, ngelixa zonke i-phosphorus-nickel plating layers azikwazi ukumelana ne-ammonia corrosion, kunye negesi ye-nitriding 38CrMOAIA inobuxhakaxhaka be-corrosion esebenza kakhulu kunye ne-valve esebenzayo kunye nokudibanisa.
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4. Ukutshiza nge-thermal
Ukutshiza nge-thermal luhlobo lwenkqubo yenkqubo yokulungiselela iingubo, kwaye iye yaba enye yezobuchwepheshe obutsha bokukhusela izinto eziphathekayo. Yinkqubo yokomeleza umphezulu osebenzisa imithombo yobushushu obuxineneyo obuphezulu (igesi yokutsha idangatye, i-arc yombane, i-plasma arc, ukufudumeza kombane, ukuqhuma kwegesi, njl. njl.) ukutshisa kunye nokunyibilika kwesinyithi okanye izinto ezingezizo ezentsimbi, kwaye uzitshize kumphezulu osisiseko owenziwe ngaphambili ngendlela ye-atomization ukwenza isitshizi sokutshiza, okanye ubushushu obufanayo bomphezulu womgangatho owenziweyo, ngoko ke ubushushu buphinda bube ngumphezulu. i-substrate ukwenza inkqubo yokuqinisa umphezulu we-spray welding layer.
Uninzi lwesinyithi kunye ne-alloys yazo, i-metal oxide ceramics, i-cermet composite kunye neekhompawundi zetsimbi ezinzima zinokugqunywa kwi-metal okanye i-non-metal substrates ngenye okanye iindlela ezininzi zokutshiza nge-thermal, ezinokuphucula ukuxhathisa umhlwa, ukumelana nokunxiba, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nezinye iipropati, kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo. I-Thermal yokutshiza i-coating ekhethekileyo esebenzayo, kunye nokugquma ubushushu, ukugquma (okanye umbane ongaqhelekanga), ukutywinwa okugubayo, ukuzicoca, i-radiation ye-thermal, i-electromagnetic shielding kunye nezinye iimpawu ezikhethekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kokutshiza kwe-thermal kunokulungisa iindawo.
5. Tshaza ipeyinti
Ukwaleka yindlela esetyenziswa ngokubanzi yokunqanda umhlwa, kwaye yimathiriyeli eyimfuneko yokunqanda umhlwa kunye nophawu lokuchongwa kwiimveliso zevalvu. I-Coating nayo yinto engeyiyo i-metallic, ehlala yenziwe nge-synthetic resin, i-rubber slurry, i-oyile yemifuno, i-solvent, njl., ukugubungela umphezulu wesinyithi, ukwahlula i-medium kunye ne-atmosphere, kunye nokufezekisa injongo ye-anti-corrosion.
Iingubo zisetyenziswa ikakhulu emanzini, emanzini etyuwa, emanzini olwandle, emoyeni nakwezinye iindawo ezingonakalisi kakhulu. Umngxuma ongaphakathi wevalvu uhlala upeyintwe ngepeyinti ye-anticorrosive ukukhusela amanzi, umoya kunye nezinye imidiya ekugqweseni ivalve.
6. Yongeza i-corrosion inhibitors
Indlela yokusebenzisa i-corrosion inhibitors elawula ukubola kukuba ikhuthaza i-polarization yebhetri. I-Corrosion inhibitors isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimidiya kunye neefayili. Ukongezwa kwe-corrosion inhibitors kwindawo ephakathi kunokunciphisa ukubola kwezixhobo kunye neevalvu, ezifana ne-chromium-nickel steel stainless kwi-oxygen-free sulfuric acid, uluhlu olukhulu lokunyibilika kwindawo yokutshisa, ukubola kuyingozi kakhulu, kodwa ukongeza inani elincinci le-sulfate yobhedu okanye i-asidi ye-nitric kunye nezinye izinto ezinokuthi zenze i-oxidants ye-oxidants. ifilimu ekhuselayo yokukhusela ukukhukuliseka kwe-medium, kwi-hydrochloric acid, ukuba i-oxidant encinci yongezwa, ukubola kwe-titanium kunokunciphisa.
Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwevalve ludla ngokusetyenziswa njengendawo yovavanyo loxinzelelo, ekulula ukubangela ukubola kweivalve, kwaye ukongeza inani elincinci le-nitrite ye-sodium emanzini kunokuthintela ukubola kwevalve ngamanzi. Ukupakishwa kwe-Asbestos kuqulethe i-chloride, ephazamisa i-valve stem kakhulu, kwaye umxholo we-chloride unokuncitshiswa ukuba indlela yokuhlamba amanzi aphuphumayo yamkelwe, kodwa le ndlela inzima kakhulu ukuyiphumeza, kwaye ayikwazi ukuthandwa ngokubanzi, kwaye ifanelekile kuphela kwiimfuno ezizodwa.
Ukukhusela isiqu sevalve kunye nokuthintela ukubola kwe-asbestos ukupakisha, kwi-asbestos ukupakisha, inhibitor ye-corrosion kunye nentsimbi yedini zigqunywe kwi-valve stem, i-corrosion inhibitor yenziwe yi-nitrite ye-sodium kunye ne-sodium chromate, enokuvelisa i-passivation film ebusweni be-valve kunye nokuphucula i-valve ye-stemrosion kunye nokuphucula i-valve. i-corrosion inhibitor inyibilika kancinane kwaye idlale indima yokuthambisa; Enyanisweni, i-zinc nayo i-corrosion inhibitor, enokuqala ukudibanisa kunye ne-chloride kwi-asbestos, ukwenzela ukuba i-chloride kunye nethuba lokudibanisa i-stem metal liyancipha kakhulu, ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yokuchasana nokubola.
7. Ukukhuselwa kwe-Electrochemical
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zokukhusela i-electrochemical: ukukhuselwa kwe-anodic kunye nokukhuselwa kwe-cathodic. Ukuba i-zinc isetyenziselwa ukukhusela isinyithi, i-zinc idliwe, i-zinc ibizwa ngokuba yintsimbi yombingelelo, ekusebenzeni kwemveliso, ukukhuselwa kwe-anode kusetyenziswa ngaphantsi, ukukhuselwa kwe-cathodic kusetyenziswa ngakumbi. Le ndlela yokukhusela i-cathodic isetyenziselwa i-valve enkulu kunye ne-valve ebalulekileyo, eyona ndlela yoqoqosho, elula kwaye esebenzayo, kwaye i-zinc yongezwa kwi-asbestos yokupakisha ukukhusela i-valve stem.
8. Lawula imeko-bume eyonakalisayo
Into ebizwa ngokuba yimeko-bume ineentlobo ezimbini zengqiqo ebanzi kunye nengqiqo emxinwa, ingqiqo ebanzi yokusingqongileyo ibhekiselele kwimo engqongileyo ejikeleze indawo yofakelo lwevalvu kunye nendawo yayo yangaphakathi yokujikeleza, kunye nengqiqo emxinwa yokusingqongileyo ibhekiselele kwiimeko ezijikeleze indawo yofakelo lwevalvu.
Uninzi lweendawo ezisingqongileyo azilawuleki, kwaye iinkqubo zemveliso azinakuguqulwa ngaphandle kwesizathu. Kuphela kwimeko apho akuyi kubakho monakalo kwimveliso kunye nenkqubo, indlela yokulawula imo engqongileyo ingamkelwa, njenge-deoxygenation yamanzi ebhoyili, ukongezwa kwe-alkali kwinkqubo yokucoca ioli ukulungisa ixabiso le-PH, njl. Ukusuka kule mbono, ukongezwa kwe-corrosion inhibitors kunye nokukhuselwa kwe-electrochemical ekhankanywe ngasentla kwakhona yindlela yokulawula indawo enobungozi.
I-atmosfera izele luthuli, umphunga wamanzi kunye nomsi, ngakumbi kwimeko-bume yemveliso, efana nebrine yomsi, iigesi ezinetyhefu kunye nomgubo ocoliweyo okhutshwa zizixhobo, nto leyo eya kubangela amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okuhlwa kwivalve. Umsebenzisi kufuneka ahlambulule rhoqo kwaye ahlambulule i-valve kwaye afake i-refuel rhoqo ngokuhambelana namalungiselelo eenkqubo zokusebenza, okuyimilinganiselo esebenzayo yokulawula ukubola kokusingqongileyo. Ukufakela isigqubuthelo esikhuselayo kwisiqu sevalve, ukuseta iqula lomhlaba kwivalve yomhlaba, kunye nokutshiza ipeyinti kumphezulu wevalvu zizo zonke iindlela zokuthintela ukukhukuliseka kwezinto ezonakalisayo.ivalve.
Ukwanda kobushushu be-ambient kunye nongcoliseko lomoya, ngakumbi kwizixhobo kunye neevalvu kwindawo evaliweyo, kuya kukhawulezisa ukubola kwazo, kwaye iindawo zokusebenzela ezivulekileyo okanye amanyathelo okungenisa umoya kunye nokupholisa kufuneka zisetyenziswe kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukucothisa ukuhlwa kokusingqongileyo.
9. Ukuphucula iteknoloji yokucubungula kunye nesakhiwo sevalve
Ukhuselo lokuchasana nomhlwa lweivalveyingxaki ethe yaqwalaselwa kwasekuqaleni koyilo, kwaye imveliso yevalvu enoyilo olufanelekileyo lwesakhiwo kunye nendlela echanekileyo yenkqubo ngokuqinisekileyo iya kuba nefuthe elihle ekuthobeni ukubola kwevalve. Ngoko ke, isebe loyilo kunye nelokuvelisa kufuneka liphucule iindawo ezingenangqiqo kuyilo lwezakhiwo, ezingalunganga kwiindlela zenkqubo kunye nokulula ukubangela ukubola, ukwenzela ukuba zilungelelanise kwiimfuno zeemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-22-2025
