Ukugqwala yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezibangelaivalvuumonakalo. Ke ngoko, kwiivalvuukhuseleko, ivalvu yokulwa nokugqwala yingxaki ebalulekileyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe.
Ivalvuuhlobo lokugqwala
Ukugqwala kweesinyithi kubangelwa kakhulu kukugqwala kweekhemikhali kunye nokugqwala kwe-electrochemical, kwaye ukugqwala kwezinto ezingezizo ezesinyithi kubangelwa kakhulu ziintshukumo ezithe ngqo zeekhemikhali kunye nezomzimba.
1. Ukugqwala kweekhemikhali
Phantsi kwemeko yokuba akukho msinga uvelayo, i-medium ejikelezileyo isabela ngokuthe ngqo kwisinyithi ize iyitshabalalise, njengokugqwala kwesinyithi yigesi eyomileyo enobushushu obuphezulu kunye nesisombululo esingesiso se-electrolytic.
2. Ukugqwala kweGalvanic
Isinyithi sidibana ne-electrolyte, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ii-electron zihambe, nto leyo ebangela ukuba zonakaliswe yi-electrochemical action, olu hlobo luphambili lokugqwala.
Isisombululo setyuwa esiqhelekileyo esisekelwe kwi-asidi ukugqwala, ukugqwala komoya, ukugqwala komhlaba, ukugqwala kwamanzi olwandle, ukugqwala kweentsholongwane, ukugqwala kwemingxuma kunye nokugqwala kwentsimbi engagqwali, njl.njl., zonke ezi zigqwala ze-electrochemical. Ukugqwala kwe-electrochemical akwenzeki kuphela phakathi kwezinto ezimbini ezinokudlala indima yekhemikhali, kodwa kukwavelisa umahluko onokubakho ngenxa yomahluko woxinzelelo lwesisombululo, umahluko woxinzelelo lwe-oksijini ejikelezileyo, umahluko omncinci kwisakhiwo sento, njl.njl., kwaye ifumana amandla okugqwala, ukuze isinyithi esinamandla aphantsi kunye nendawo yepleyiti yelanga elomileyo ilahleke.
Izinga lokugqwala kwevalvu
Isantya sokugqwala singahlulwahlulwa sibe ziiklasi ezintandathu:
(1) Ayimelani nokugqwala ngokupheleleyo: izinga lokugqwala lingaphantsi kwe-0.001 mm ngonyaka
(2) Ayinakumelana nokugqwala kakhulu: izinga lokugqwala liyi-0.001 ukuya kwi-0.01 mm ngonyaka
(3) Ukumelana nokugqwala: izinga lokugqwala liyi-0.01 ukuya kwi-0.1 mm ngonyaka
(4) Ukumelana nokugqwala okungashukumiyo: izinga lokugqwala liyi-0.1 ukuya kwi-1.0 mm ngonyaka
(5) Ukumelana nokugqwala okubi: izinga lokugqwala liyi-1.0 ukuya kwi-10 mm ngonyaka
(6) Ayimelani nokugqwala: izinga lokugqwala lingaphezulu kwe-10 mm ngonyaka
Amanyathelo alithoba okulwa nokugqwala
1. Khetha izinto ezimelana nokugqwala ngokwendlela esetyenziswa ngayo
Kwimveliso yokwenyani, ukugqwala kwesixhobo sombane kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, nokuba izinto zevalvu ezisetyenziswa kwisixhobo sombane esifanayo ziyafana, uxinzelelo, ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo lwesixhobo sombane zahlukile, kwaye ukugqwala kwesixhobo sombane kwizinto azifani. Xa kusanda i-10°C kubushushu obuphakathi, izinga lokugqwala liyanda malunga ne-1 ~ 3 amaxesha.
Uxinzelelo oluphakathi lunempembelelo enkulu ekuboleni kwezinto zevalvu, njengokuba ilothe ikwi-sulfuric acid enoxinzelelo oluncinci, ukubola kuncinci kakhulu, kwaye xa uxinzelelo ludlula i-96%, ukubola kuyanda kakhulu. Intsimbi yekhabhoni, ngokuchaseneyo, inomonakalo omkhulu xa uxinzelelo lwe-sulfuric acid lumalunga ne-50%, kwaye xa uxinzelelo lunyuka luye ngaphezulu kwe-60%, ukubola kwehla kakhulu. Umzekelo, i-aluminium irhabaxa kakhulu kwi-nitric acid exineneyo enoxinzelelo olungaphezulu kwe-80%, kodwa irhabaxa kakhulu kuxinzelelo oluphakathi noluphantsi lwe-nitric acid, kwaye intsimbi engatyiwayo ayimelani kakhulu ne-nitric acid enyibilikisiweyo, kodwa irhabaxa ngakumbi kwi-nitric acid exineneyo engaphezulu kwe-95%.
Kwimizekelo engentla, kunokubonwa ukuba ukhetho oluchanekileyo lwezinto zevalvu kufuneka lusekelwe kwimeko ethile, kuhlalutywe izinto ezahlukeneyo ezichaphazela ukugqwala, kwaye kukhethwe izinto ngokweencwadana ezifanelekileyo zokulwa nokugqwala.
2. Sebenzisa izinto ezingezizo ezesinyithi
Ukumelana nokugqwala okungeyonsimbi kulungile, lo gama nje ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo lwevalvu zihlangabezana neemfuno zezinto ezingeyonsimbi, ayinakusombulula ingxaki yokugqwala kuphela, kodwa ikwagcina neentsimbi ezixabisekileyo. Umzimba wevalvu, ibhonethi, i-lining, umphezulu wokutywina kunye nezinye izinto ezingeyonsimbi ezisetyenziswa rhoqo zenziwa.
Iiplastiki ezifana ne-PTFE kunye ne-polyether ekhlorini, kunye nerabha yendalo, i-neoprene, irabha ye-nitrile kunye nezinye iirabha zisetyenziselwa i-valve lining, kwaye umzimba oyintloko webhonethi yomzimba we-valve wenziwe ngentsimbi ephosiweyo kunye nentsimbi yekhabhoni. Ayiqinisekisi nje kuphela amandla e-valve, kodwa ikwaqinisekisa ukuba i-valve ayigqwali.
Kule mihla, kusetyenziswa iiplastiki ezininzi ezifana ne-nylon kunye ne-PTFE, kwaye irabha yendalo kunye nerabha yokwenziwa isetyenziselwa ukwenza iindawo ezahlukeneyo zokutywina kunye neeringi zokutywina, ezisetyenziswa kwiivalvu ezahlukeneyo. Ezi zinto zingeyonsimbi ezisetyenziswa njengeendawo zokutywina azinawo nje kuphela amandla okuhle okugqwala, kodwa zikwanokusebenza kakuhle kokutywina, okufanelekileyo ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezineenxalenye. Kakade ke, azinamandla kangako kwaye azinawo amandla okumelana nobushushu, kwaye uluhlu lwezicelo lulinganiselwe.
3. Unyango lomphezulu wesinyithi
(1) Uqhagamshelo lweValve: Inkumba yoqhagamshelo lweValve idla ngokuphathwa nge-galvanizing, i-chrome plating, kunye ne-oxidation (eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) ukuphucula amandla okumelana nokugqwala komoya kunye nokuphakathi. Ukongeza kwiindlela ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, ezinye izibophelelo nazo ziphathwa ngonyango lomphezulu olufana ne-phosphating ngokwemeko.
(2) Ukutywina umphezulu kunye neendawo ezivaliweyo ezinobubanzi obuncinci: iinkqubo zomphezulu ezifana ne-nitriding kunye ne-boronizing zisetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukumelana nokugqwala kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka.
(3) I-Stem anti-corrosion: i-nitriding, i-boronization, i-chrome plating, i-nickel plating kunye nezinye iinkqubo zonyango lomphezulu zisetyenziswa kakhulu ukuphucula ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala, ukumelana nokugqwala kunye nokumelana nokugqwala.
Unyango oluhlukeneyo lomphezulu kufuneka lulungele izinto ezahlukeneyo zesiqu kunye neendawo zokusebenza, emoyeni, umphunga wamanzi kunye nesiqu sokudibanisa i-asbestos, singasebenzisa i-hard chrome plating, inkqubo ye-gas nitriding (intsimbi engatyiwayo akufuneki isebenzise inkqubo ye-ion nitriding): kwindawo yomoya esebenzisa i-electroplating, i-phosphorus ephezulu ye-nickel coating ine-protective coating engcono; i-38CrMOAIA isenokungamelani nokugqwala yi-ion kunye ne-gas nitriding, kodwa i-hard chrome coating ayifanelekanga ukusetyenziswa; i-2Cr13 inokumelana nokugqwala kwe-ammonia emva kokucima kunye nokufutha, kwaye intsimbi yekhabhoni esebenzisa i-gas nitriding nayo inokumelana nokugqwala kwe-ammonia, ngelixa zonke iileya ze-phosphorus-nickel plating zingamelani nokugqwala kwe-ammonia, kwaye i-gas nitriding 38CrMOAIA material inokumelana nokugqwala okugqwesileyo kunye nokusebenza okubanzi, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu ukwenza i-valve stems.
(4) Umzimba wevalvu encinci kunye nevili lesandla: Ikwadla ngokufakelwa i-chrome ukuphucula ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kunye nokuhombisa ivalvu.
4. Ukutshiza ngobushushu
Ukutshiza ngobushushu luhlobo lwendlela yenkqubo yokulungiselela ukugquma, kwaye kube yenye yeendlela ezintsha zokukhusela umphezulu wezinto. Yindlela yenkqubo yokuqinisa umphezulu esebenzisa imithombo yobushushu enamandla aphezulu (ilangatye lokutsha kwegesi, i-arc yombane, i-arc yeplasma, ukufudumeza ngombane, ukuqhuma kwegesi, njl.njl.) ukufudumeza nokunyibilikisa isinyithi okanye izinto ezingezizo zesinyithi, kunye nokuzitshiza kumphezulu osisiseko olungisiweyo kwangaphambili ngendlela ye-atomization ukwenza i-spray coating, okanye ukufudumeza umphezulu osisiseko ngaxeshanye, ukuze i-coating inyibilike kwakhona kumphezulu we-substrate ukwenza inkqubo yokuqinisa umphezulu we-spray welding layer.
Uninzi lweentsimbi kunye nee-alloys zazo, ii-ceramics ze-metal oxide, ii-composites ze-cermet kunye nee-compounds zesinyithi ezinzima zinokugqunywa kwi-substrates zesinyithi okanye ezingezizo zesinyithi ngendlela enye okanye ezininzi zokutshiza ngobushushu, ezinokuphucula ukumelana nokugqwala komphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nezinye iimpawu, kwaye zandise ubomi benkonzo. Ukutshiza ngobushushu, i-coating ekhethekileyo esebenzayo, ene-insulation yobushushu, i-insulation (okanye umbane ongaqhelekanga), ukutywinwa okugoqekayo, ukuzithambisa, i-radiation yobushushu, i-electromagnetic shielding kunye nezinye iimpawu ezikhethekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kokutshiza ngobushushu kunokulungisa iindawo.
5. Ipeyinti yokutshiza
Ukugquma yindlela esetyenziswa kakhulu yokulwa nokugqwala, kwaye yinto eyimfuneko yokulwa nokugqwala kunye nophawu lokuchonga kwiimveliso zeevalvu. Ukugquma kukwayinto engeyoyesinyithi, edla ngokwenziwa nge-resin yokwenziwa, i-rubber slurry, ioyile yemifuno, i-solvent, njl.njl., egubungela umphezulu wesinyithi, yahlula i-medium kunye nomoya, kwaye ifezekisa injongo yokulwa nokugqwala.
Iingubo zisetyenziswa kakhulu emanzini, emanzini anetyuwa, emanzini olwandle, emoyeni nakwezinye iindawo ezingangcolisiyo kakhulu. Umngxuma ongaphakathi wevalvu udla ngokupeyintwa ngepeyinti yokulwa nokungcolisa ukuthintela amanzi, umoya kunye nezinye izinto ezibangela ukungcolisa ivalvu.
6. Yongeza izithinteli zokugqwala
Indlela ezilawula ngayo izithinteli zokubola kukuba ikhuthaza ukubola kwebhetri. Izithinteli zokubola zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimidiya nakwizizalisi. Ukongezwa kwezithinteli zokubola kwisixhobo kunokucothisa ukubola kwezixhobo kunye neevalvu, ezifana nentsimbi engagqwali ye-chromium-nickel kwi-sulfuric acid engena-oxygen, uluhlu olukhulu lokunyibilika lube yimeko yokutshiswa, ukubola kuyingozi ngakumbi, kodwa ukongeza inani elincinci le-copper sulfate okanye i-nitric acid kunye nezinye ii-oxidants, kunokwenza intsimbi engagqwali iguquke ibe yimeko eqaqambileyo, umphezulu wefilimu ekhuselayo ukuthintela ukubola kwesixhobo, kwi-hydrochloric acid, ukuba kongezwa inani elincinci le-oxidant, ukubola kwe-titanium kunokuncipha.
Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwevalvu ludla ngokusetyenziswa njengendlela yokuvavanya uxinzelelo, nto leyo ebangela ukugqwalaivalvu, kwaye ukongeza inani elincinci le-sodium nitrite emanzini kunokuthintela ukugqwala kwevalvu ngamanzi. Ukupakisha i-asbestos kuqulethe i-chloride, edlakalisa kakhulu isiqu sevalvu, kwaye umxholo we-chloride ungancitshiswa ukuba indlela yokuhlamba ngamanzi ngomphunga iyasetyenziswa, kodwa le ndlela kunzima kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa, kwaye ayinakuthandwa ngokubanzi, kwaye ifanelekile kuphela kwiimfuno ezizodwa.
Ukuze kukhuselwe isiqu sevalvu kwaye kuthintelwe ukugqwala kwepakethe ye-asbestos, kwipakethe ye-asbestos, i-corrosion inhibitor kunye ne-sacrificial metal zigqunywe kwisiqu sevalvu, i-corrosion inhibitor yenziwe yi-sodium nitrite kunye ne-sodium chromate, enokuvelisa ifilimu yokuthambisa phezu komphezulu wesiqu sevalvu kwaye iphucule ukumelana nokugqwala kwesiqu sevalvu, kwaye i-solvent ingenza i-corrosion ithintele ukunyibilika kancinci kwaye idlale indima yokuthambisa; Enyanisweni, i-zinc ikwayi-corrosion inhibitor, enokuqala idibane ne-chloride kwi-asbestos, ukuze ithuba lokunxibelelana kwe-chloride kunye ne-stem metal linciphe kakhulu, ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yokulwa nokugqwala.
7. Ukhuseleko lwe-electrochemical
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zokhuselo lwe-electrochemical: ukhuselo lwe-anodic kunye nokhuselo lwe-cathodic. Ukuba i-zinc isetyenziselwa ukukhusela isinyithi, i-zinc iyabola, i-zinc ibizwa ngokuba yintsimbi yokuzinikela, kwindlela yokuvelisa, ukhuseleko lwe-anode alusetyenziswa kakhulu, ukhuseleko lwe-cathodic lusetyenziswa ngakumbi. Le ndlela yokukhusela i-cathodic isetyenziselwa iivalvu ezinkulu kunye neevalvu ezibalulekileyo, eziyindlela engabizi kakhulu, elula nesebenzayo, kwaye i-zinc yongezwa kwi-asbestos packing ukukhusela isiqu sevalvu.
8. Lawula imeko-bume egqwalisayo
Indawo ekuthiwa yi-occurrency ineentlobo ezimbini zengqiqo ebanzi kunye nengqiqo emxinwa, ingqiqo ebanzi ye-occurrency ibhekisa kwindawo ejikeleze indawo yokufakelwa kwevalvu kunye nendawo yayo yokujikeleza kwangaphakathi, kwaye ingqiqo emxinwa ye-occurrency ibhekisa kwiimeko ezijikeleze indawo yokufakelwa kwevalvu.
Uninzi lweendawo azilawuleki, kwaye iinkqubo zemveliso azinakutshintshwa ngokungacwangciswanga. Kuphela kwimeko apho kungasayi kubakho monakalo kwimveliso nakwinkqubo, indlela yokulawula indawo ingasetyenziswa, njengokukhupha ioksijini emanzini ebhoyila, ukongezwa kwe-alkali kwinkqubo yokucocwa kweoyile ukuze kulungiswe ixabiso le-PH, njl. Ngokwale mbono, ukongezwa kwezithinteli zokubola kunye nokukhuselwa kwe-electrochemical okukhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla kukwayindlela yokulawula indawo ebolayo.
Umoya ugcwele uthuli, umphunga wamanzi kunye nomsi, ingakumbi kwindawo yokuvelisa, njenge-smoke brine, iigesi ezinobuthi kunye nomgubo ocolekileyo okhutshwa zizixhobo, nto leyo eya kubangela ukubola okuhlukeneyo kwivalvu. Umqhubi kufuneka ayicoce rhoqo kwaye ayicoce ivalvu aze ayigcwalise rhoqo ngokwemigaqo yeenkqubo zokusebenza, nto leyo eyindlela esebenzayo yokulawula ukubola kokusingqongileyo. Ukufaka isigqubuthelo sokukhusela kwisiqu sevalvu, ukubeka umhlaba ophantsi kwivalvu yomhlaba, kunye nokutshiza ipeyinti kumphezulu wevalvu zonke ezi ziindlela zokuthintela izinto ezibolayo ukuba zingakhukulisiivalvu.
Ukwanda kobushushu obungqongileyo kunye nongcoliseko lomoya, ingakumbi kwizixhobo kunye neevalvu kwindawo evaliweyo, kuya kukhawulezisa ukugqwala kwazo, kwaye kufuneka kusetyenziswe ii-workshops ezivulekileyo okanye amanyathelo okungenisa umoya kunye nokupholisa kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ukugqwala kwendalo.
9. Phucula iteknoloji yokucubungula kunye nolwakhiwo lwevalvu
Ukhuseleko lokulwa nokugqwalaivalvuyingxaki ebikhe yaqwalaselwa ukususela ekuqaleni koyilo, kwaye imveliso yevalvu enoyilo olufanelekileyo lwesakhiwo kunye nendlela echanekileyo yenkqubo ngokuqinisekileyo iya kuba nefuthe elihle ekunciphiseni ukugqwala kwevalvu. Ke ngoko, isebe loyilo kunye nemveliso kufuneka liphucule iindawo ezingafanelekanga kuyilo lwesakhiwo, ezingalunganga kwiindlela zenkqubo kwaye kulula ukuzibangela ukugqwala, ukuze zilungelelaniswe neemfuno zeemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza.
Ixesha leposi: Jan-22-2025
