Ivalvu igcina kwaye igqibezela iimfuno zokusebenza ezinikiweyo ngexesha elithile lokusebenza, kwaye ukusebenza kokugcina ixabiso leparameter elinikiweyo ngaphakathi koluhlu oluchaziweyo kubizwa ngokuba yi-failure-free. Xa ukusebenza kwevalvu konakele, kuya kubakho ukungasebenzi kakuhle.
1. Ukuvuza kwebhokisi yokuzalisa
Le yeyona nto iphambili yokubaleka, ukubaleka, ukuvuza, nokuvuza, kwaye idla ngokubonakala kwiifektri.
Izizathu zokuvuza kwebhokisi yokuzalisa zezi zilandelayo:
①Le nto ayihambelani nokubola, ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo lwesixhobo sokusebenza;
②Indlela yokuzalisa ayilunganga, ingakumbi xa yonke into ipakishwe kwi-spiral, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ibangele ukuvuza;
③Ukuchaneka komatshini okanye ukugqitywa komphezulu wesiqu sevalvu akwanelanga, okanye kukho ukujiya, okanye kukho amaqhuqhuva;
④Isiqu sevalvu sinomngxuma, okanye sigqwalile ngenxa yokungabikho kokhuseleko emoyeni ovulekileyo;
⑤Isiqu sevalvu sigobile;
⑥Ukupakisha kusetyenziswe ixesha elide kakhulu kwaye kudala;
⑦Umsebenzi udlame kakhulu.
Indlela yokuphelisa ukuvuza kokupakisha yile:
① Ukukhetha ngokuchanekileyo izizalisi;
②Zalisa ngendlela echanekileyo;
③ Ukuba isiqu sevalvu asifanelekanga, kufuneka silungiswe okanye sitshintshwe, kwaye umphezulu kufuneka ubuncinci ube yi-▽5, kwaye okubaluleke ngakumbi, kufuneka ufikelele kwi-▽8 nangaphezulu, kwaye akukho ziphene zimbi;
④ Thatha amanyathelo okuzikhusela ukuthintela umhlwa, kwaye ezo zigqwalile mazitshintshwe;
⑤Ukugoba kwesiqu sevalvu kufuneka kulungiswe okanye kuhlaziywe;
⑥Emva kokuba ukupakisha kusetyenzisiwe ixesha elithile, kufuneka kutshintshwe;
⑦Umsebenzi mawuzinze, uvuleke kancinci kwaye uvale kancinci ukuthintela utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kubushushu okanye impembelelo ephakathi.
2. Ukuvuza kweendawo zokuvala
Ngokwesiqhelo, ukuvuza kwebhokisi yokuzalisa kuthiwa kukuvuza kwangaphandle, kwaye inxalenye yokuvala kuthiwa kukuvuza kwangaphakathi. Ukuvuza kweendawo zokuvala, ngaphakathi kwivalvu, akulula ukukufumana.
Ukuvuza kweendawo zokuvala kunokwahlulwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini: enye kukuvuza komphezulu wokutywina, kwaye enye kukuvuza kwengcambu yeringi yokutywina.
Izizathu zokuvuza zezi:
①Umphezulu wokuvala awugayiwanga kakuhle;
②Iringi yokutywina ayifaniswanga kakuhle nesihlalo sevalvu kunye nediski yevalvu;
③Unxibelelwano phakathi kwediski yevalvu kunye nesiqu sevalvu aluqinanga;
④Isiqu sevalvu sigobile kwaye sijijekile, ukuze iindawo zokuvala eziphezulu nezisezantsi zingabi phakathi;
⑤Xa ivalwe ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, umphezulu wokutywina awuhambelani kakuhle okanye sele wonakele kudala;
⑥ ukhetho olungafanelekanga lwezinto, alukwazi ukumelana nokugqwala kwesixhobo;
⑦Sebenzisa ivalvu yeglobhu kunye nevalvu yesango njengevalvu elawulayo. Umphezulu wokutywina awunakumelana nokukhukuliseka kwesixhobo esihamba ngesantya esiphezulu;
⑧Ezinye iindawo ziya kuphola kancinci kancinci emva kokuba ivalvu ivaliwe, ukuze umphezulu wokutywina ubonakale unezikhewu, kwaye kubekho ukukhukuliseka;
⑨Uqhagamshelo olunemisonto lusetyenziswa phakathi kwezinye iindawo zokutywina kunye nesihlalo sevalvu kunye nediski yevalvu, okulula ukuvelisa ibhetri yomahluko woxinzelelo lweoksijini kwaye ikhululeke;
⑩Ivalvu ayinakuvalwa ngokuqinileyo ngenxa yokufakwa kwezinto ezingcolisayo ezifana ne-welding slag, i-rust, uthuli, okanye iindawo zoomatshini kwinkqubo yemveliso eziwayo zize zivale umongo wevalvu.
Amanyathelo okuthintela zezi:
①Ngaphambi kokuba uyisebenzise, kufuneka uvavanye ngononophelo uxinzelelo kunye nokuvuza, kwaye ufumane ukuvuza komphezulu wokutywina okanye ingcambu yeringi yokutywina, uze uyisebenzise emva konyango;
②Kufuneka ujonge kwangaphambili ukuba iindawo ezahlukeneyo zevalvu zikwimeko entle na. Musa ukusebenzisa ivalvu apho isiqu sevalvu sigobile okanye sijijekileyo okanye apho idiski yevalvu kunye nesiqu sevalvu zingadibaniswanga ngokukhuselekileyo;
③Ivalvu mayivalwe ngokuqinileyo, ingavalwa ngamandla. Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba ukudibana phakathi kwemiphezulu yokutywina akulunganga okanye kukho ukuvaleka, kufuneka uyivule ngoko nangoko okwethutyana ukuze ukhuphe inkunkuma, uze uyivale ngononophelo;
④Xa ukhetha ivalvu, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe kungekuphela nje ukumelana nokugqwala komzimba wevalvu, kodwa kunye nokuxhathisa ukugqwala kweendawo zokuvala;
⑤ Ngokuhambelana neempawu zesakhiwo sevalvu kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo, izinto ezifuna ukulungisa ukuhamba kwamanzi kufuneka zisebenzise ivalvu elawulayo;
⑥Kwimeko apho i-medium ipholisiweyo kwaye umahluko wobushushu mkhulu emva kokuvala ivalvu, ivalvu kufuneka ivalwe kakuhle emva kokupholisa;
⑦Xa isihlalo sevalvu, idiski yevalvu kunye neringi yokutywina ziqhagamshelwe ngentambo, iteyiphu yePTFE ingasetyenziswa njengepakethi phakathi kwentambo, ukuze kungabikho msantsa;
⑧ Kufuneka kongezwe isihluzo phambi kwevalvu yevalvu enokuthi iwele kwindawo engcolileyo.
3. Ukusilela kokuphakamisa isiqu sevalvu
Izizathu zokungaphumeleli kokuphakamisa isiqu sevalvu zezi:
①Umsonto wonakele ngenxa yokusebenza kakhulu;
② ukungabikho kokuthambisa okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kokuthambisa;
③Isiqu sevalvu sigobile kwaye sijijekile;
④Ukugqitywa komphezulu akwanelanga;
⑤ Ukunyamezelana kokufaneleka akuchanekanga, kwaye ukuluma kuqinile kakhulu;
⑥I-nut yesiqu sevalvu ithambekile;
⑦ Ukukhetha izinto ngendlela engafanelekanga, umzekelo, isiqu sevalvu kunye ne-nut yesiqu sevalvu zenziwe ngento efanayo, elula ukuyiluma;
⑧Umsonto udlakazwa yi-medium (ebhekisa kwi-valve ene-dark stem valve okanye i-valve ene-stem nut ezantsi);
⑨Ivalvu evulekileyo ayinalo ukhuseleko, kwaye umsonto wesiqu sevalvu ugqunywe luthuli nesanti, okanye ugqwale yimvula, umbethe, iqabaka nekhephu.
Iindlela zokuthintela:
① Sebenzisa ngononophelo, unganyanzelisi xa uvala, ungafikeleli embindini ophezulu xa uvula, jika ivili lesandla ujike kube kanye okanye kabini emva kokuvula ngokwaneleyo ukwenza icala elingaphezulu lomsonto livale, ukuze uthintele ukuba i-medium ingatyhaleli i-valve stem phezulu ukuze ibethe;
②Jonga imeko yokuthambisa rhoqo kwaye ugcine imeko yokuthambisa eqhelekileyo;
③Musa ukuyivula nokuvala ivalvu nge-lever ende. Abasebenzi abaqhele ukusebenzisa i-lever emfutshane kufuneka balawule ngokungqongqo ubungakanani bamandla ukuze bathintele ukujija i-valve stem (bhekisa kwi-valve eqhagamshelwe ngqo ne-handwheel kunye ne-valve stem);
④Phucula umgangatho wokucubungula okanye wokulungisa ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zeenkcukacha;
⑤Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo mazimelane nokugqwala kwaye zilungelelane nobushushu bokusebenza kunye nezinye iimeko zokusebenza;
⑥I-nut yesiqu sevalvu akufuneki yenziwe ngezinto ezifanayo nesiqu sevalvu;
⑦ Xa usebenzisa iplastiki njenge-valve stem nut, kufuneka kujongwe amandla ayo, kungekuphela nje ukuxhathisa ukugqwala okuhle kunye nomlinganiselo omncinci wokungqubana, kodwa kunye nengxaki yamandla ayo, ukuba amandla ayo awanelanga, musa ukuyisebenzisa;
⑧Isigqubuthelo sokukhusela isiqu sevalvu kufuneka songezwe kwivalvu yomoya ovulekileyo;
⑨Kwivalvu evulekayo rhoqo, jika ivili lesandla rhoqo ukuze uthintele ukuba isiqu sevalvu singagqwali.
4. Okunye
Ukuvuza kwegesi:
Isizathu esiphambili kukuba ayimelani nokugqwala kwaye ayihambelani nobushushu obusebenzayo kunye noxinzelelo; kunye notshintsho lobushushu lwevalvu yobushushu obuphezulu.
Sebenzisa ii-gasket ezifanelekileyo kwiimeko zokusebenza. Jonga ukuba izinto ze-gasket zifanelekile na kwiivalvu ezintsha. Ukuba azifanelekanga, mazitshintshwe. Kwiivalvu ezinobushushu obuphezulu, qinisa iibholithi kwakhona xa uzisebenzisa.
Umzimba wevalvu oqhekekileyo:
Idla ngokubangelwa kukukhenkceza. Xa imozulu ibanda, ivalvu kufuneka ibe ne-insulation yobushushu kunye neendlela zokulandelela ubushushu. Ngaphandle koko, amanzi kwivalvu kunye nombhobho odibanisayo kufuneka akhutshwe amanzi emva kokuba imveliso iyekile (ukuba kukho iplagi ezantsi kwevalvu, iplagi ingavulwa ukuze ikhuphe amanzi).
Ivili lesandla elonakeleyo:
Ibangelwa kukungqubana okanye ukusebenza ngamandla kwe-long lever. Ingathintelwa logama nje umqhubi kunye nabanye abasebenzi abachaphazelekayo benika ingqalelo.
I-packing gland yaphukile:
Amandla angalinganiyo xa ucinezela ukupakisha, okanye i-gland enesiphene (ngesiqhelo i-cast iron). Cinezela ukupakisha, ujikelezise isikrufu ngokulinganayo, kwaye ungagobi. Xa usenza, akufuneki nje kuphela unikele ingqalelo kwiindawo ezinkulu neziphambili, kodwa kufuneka unikele ingqalelo nakwiindawo zesibini ezifana nee-gland, kungenjalo kuya kuchaphazela ukusetyenziswa.
Unxibelelwano phakathi kwesiqu sevalvu kunye nepleyiti yevalvu aluphumeleli:
Ivalvu yesango isebenzisa iindlela ezininzi zokunxibelelana phakathi kwentloko yoxande yesiqu sevalvu kunye nomjelo omile okwe-T wesango, kwaye umjelo omile okwe-T ngamanye amaxesha awucutshungulwa, ngoko ke intloko yoxande yesiqu sevalvu iyaguga ngokukhawuleza. Ngokuyintloko ukusuka kwicala lokuvelisa ukusombulula. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzisi angenza umjelo omile okwe-T ukuze ube nobuthambileyo obuthile.
Isango levalvu yesango eliphindwe kabini alinakucinezela isigqubuthelo ngokuqinileyo:
Uxinzelelo lwesango eliphindwe kabini lwenziwa yi-wedge ephezulu. Kwezinye ii-valve zesango, i-wedge ephezulu yenziwe ngezinto ezimbi (i-cast iron ephantsi), kwaye iya kuguga okanye iphuke kungekudala emva kokusetyenziswa. I-wedge ephezulu sisiqwenga esincinci, kwaye izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo azininzi kangako. Umsebenzisi angayenza ngentsimbi yekhabhoni aze atshintshe i-cast iron yokuqala.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-18-2022
