Uphuhliso oluqhubekayo loshishino lwevalvu (1967-1978)
01 Uphuhliso lweshishini luyachaphazeleka
Ukususela kwi-1967 ukuya kwi-1978, ngenxa yotshintsho olukhulu kwintlalo yoluntu, ukuphuhliswa kweshishini le-valve kuye kwachaphazeleka kakhulu. Iimpawu eziphambili zezi:
1. Ivalve imveliso iyancipha ngokukhawuleza, kwaye umgangatho uyancipha kakhulu
2. Ivalve Inkqubo yophando lwezenzululwazi esele iqalile ukumila ichaphazelekile
3. Iimveliso zevalvu yoxinzelelo oluphakathi ziba lixesha elifutshane kwakhona
4. Ukuveliswa okungacwangciswanga kweevalve eziphezulu kunye neziphakathi zoxinzelelo zaqala ukubonakala
02 Thatha amanyathelo okongeza “umgca omfutshane wevalvu”
Umgangatho weemveliso kwiivalveishishini liye lehla ngokunzulu, kwaye emva kokusekwa kweemveliso zevalvu yexesha elifutshane eliphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphakathi, urhulumente uncamathela ukubaluleka okukhulu koku. I-Heavy and General Bureau yoBuphathiswa bokuQala booMatshini yaseka iqela levalvu ukuba libe noxanduva lokutshintsha kobugcisa boshishino lwevalvu. Emva kophando olunzulu kunye nophando, iqela le-valve libeka phambili "iNgxelo yeeNkcazo malunga noPhuhliso lweMiqathango yoMveliso kwiiValuvu eziPhakamileyo kunye neziPhakathi", ezingeniswe kwiKomishoni yoCwangciso lukaRhulumente. Emva kophando, kwagqitywa ukuba kutyalwe imali ezizigidi ezingama-52 zeeyuan kushishino lwevalvu ukwenza utshintsho lobugcisa ukusombulula ingxaki yokunqongophala okukhulu koxinzelelo oluphezulu noluphakathi.iivalve kunye nokwehla komgangatho ngokukhawuleza.
1. Iintlanganiso ezimbini zaseKaifeng
NgoMeyi 1972, iSebe lokuQala loMatshini labamba ilizweivalveI-symposium yomsebenzi weshishini kwiSixeko saseKaifeng, kwiPhondo laseHenan. Itotali yeeyunithi ezili-125 kunye nabameli abali-198 abavela kwiifektri zevalvu ezingama-88, amaziko asi-8 afanelekileyo ophando lwezenzululwazi kunye noyilo, i-13 yamaziko oomatshini bephondo noomasipala kunye nabanye abasebenzisi abazimase intlanganiso. Intlanganiso yagqiba ukubuyisela imibutho emibini yoshishino kunye nothungelwano lobukrelekrele, kwaye wanyula iKaifeng High Pressure Valve Factory kunye neTieling Valve Factory njengeenkokeli zeqela eliphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi ngokulandelelana, kunye neHefei General Machinery Research Institute kunye neShenyang Valve Research. Iziko lalinoxanduva lomsebenzi womnatha wobuntlola. Intlanganiso ikwaxoxile kwaye yafunda imiba enxulumene "neendlela ezintathu zokuhlaziya", ukuphucula umgangatho wemveliso, uphando lobugcisa, ulwahlulo lwemveliso, kunye nokuphuhlisa ishishini kunye nemisebenzi yobukrelekrele. Ukusukela ngoko, imisebenzi yeshishini kunye neyobuntlola ethe yaphazanyiswa iminyaka emithandathu iphinde yaqala. La manyathelo adlale indima enkulu ekukhuthazeni ukuveliswa kwevalvu kunye nokubuyisela umva imeko yexesha elifutshane.
2. Qalisa kwakhona imisebenzi yentlangano yoshishino kunye notshintshiselwano ngolwazi
Emva kweNkomfa yaseKaifeng ngo-1972, amaqela amashishini aphinda aqala imisebenzi yawo. Ngelo xesha, kuphela iifektri ze-72 ezithatha inxaxheba kwintlangano yoshishino, kwaye iifektri ezininzi ze-valve zazingekafaki inxaxheba kwintlangano yoshishino. Ukuze kuququzelelwe iifektri zevalvu ezininzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ummandla ngamnye uququzelela imisebenzi yoshishino ngokulandelelanayo. I-Shenyang High kunye ne-Medium Pressure Valve Factory, i-Beijing Valve Factory, i-Shanghai Valve Factory, i-Factory yeValve yase-Wuhan,Ifektri yeValve yaseTianjin, i-Gansu High kunye ne-Medium Pressure Valve Factory, kunye ne-Zigong High Pressure Valve Factory zijongene ngokulandelelanayo kwi-Northeast, North China, East China, Central South, Northwest, and Southwest Regions. Ngeli xesha, ushishino lwevalvu kunye nemisebenzi yezobuntlola yayahlukeneyo kwaye ineziqhamo, kwaye yayithandwa kakhulu kwimizi-mveliso kushishino. Ngenxa yophuhliso lwemisebenzi yoshishino, ukutshintshiselana rhoqo ngamava, ukuncedana kunye nokufunda ngokufanayo, akukhuthazi nje ukuphuculwa komgangatho wemveliso, kodwa kwandisa umanyano kunye nobuhlobo phakathi kweefektri ezahlukeneyo, ukwenzela ukuba imboni yevalve yenze yonke into edibeneyo. , ngokudibeneyo, ngesandla ngesandla Ukuqhubela phambili, kubonisa indawo edlamkileyo nekhulayo.
3. Yenza “uhlaziyo oluthathu” lweemveliso zevalvu
Ngokuhambelana nomoya weentlanganiso ezimbini ze-Kaifeng kunye nezimvo ze-Heavy kunye ne-General Bureau ye-First Ministry of Machinery, i-General Machinery Research Institute kwakhona iququzelele i-valve enkulu "imisebenzi emithathu yokuhlaziya" ngenkxaso esebenzayo yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo. iifektri kushishino. Umsebenzi "obuthathu bexesha langoku" ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo osisiseko wobugcisa, obungumlinganiselo osebenzayo wokukhawulezisa ukuguqulwa kweteknoloji yamashishini kunye nokuphucula umgangatho weemveliso zevalve. I-valve "i-modernizations ezintathu" iqela elisebenzayo lisebenza ngokwe "ezine ezilungileyo" (elula ukuyisebenzisa, kulula ukwakha, kulula ukuyilungisa kunye nokuhambelana kakuhle) kunye "ne-unination emine" (imodeli, iiparamitha zokusebenza, ukudibanisa kunye nemilinganiselo yonke, iindawo eziqhelekileyo. imigaqo. Umxholo oyintloko womsebenzi unemiba emithathu, enye kukwenza lula iintlobo ezidibeneyo; enye kukuqulunqa nokuhlaziya ibhetshi yemigangatho yobugcisa; eyesithathu kukuba ukhethe kwaye ugqibezele iimveliso.
4. Uphando lobugcisa lukhuthaze uphuhliso lophando lwezenzululwazi
(1) Ukuphuhliswa kwamaqela ophando lwezenzululwazi kunye nokwakhiwa kweziseko zovavanyo Ekupheleni kwe-1969, i-General Machinery Research Institute yasuswa eBeijing ukuya eHefei, kwaye isixhobo sokuqala sokuvavanya ukuchasana nokuhamba sachithwa, esachaphazela kakhulu uphando lwezenzululwazi. Ngowe-1971, abaphandi benzululwazi babuyela kwiqela emva komnye, kwaye i-laboratory yophando yevalve yanda yaya kutsho kubantu abangaphezu kwama-30, kwaye yagunyaziswa yinkonzo ukuba iququzelele uphando lobugcisa. Ilabhoratri elula yakhiwa, isixhobo sovavanyo lokumelana nokuhamba safakwa, kunye noxinzelelo oluthile, ukupakisha kunye nabanye oomatshini bokuvavanya bayilwa kwaye benziwa, kunye nophando lobugcisa kwindawo yokutywinwa kwevalve kunye nokupakishwa kwaqala.
(2) Eyona mpumelelo INkomfa yaseKaifeng eyayibanjwe ngo-1973 yaqulunqa isicwangciso sophando lobugcisa kushishino lwevalvu ukusuka ku-1973 ukuya ku-1975, yaza yaphakamisa iiprojekthi zophando ezingundoqo ezingama-39. Phakathi kwazo, kukho izinto ezi-8 zokulungiswa kwe-thermal, izinto ezili-16 zokutywinwa kwendawo, izinto ezi-6 zokupakisha, into enye yesixhobo sombane, kunye nezinto ezi-6 zovavanyo kunye novavanyo lokusebenza. Kamva, kwi-Harbin Welding Research Institute, i-Wuhan Material Protection Research Institute, kunye ne-Hefei General Machinery Research Institute, abasebenzi abakhethekileyo baqeshwa ukuba baququzelele kwaye balungelelanise ukuhlolwa rhoqo, kunye neenkomfa ezimbini zomsebenzi kwiindawo ezisisiseko ze-valve eziphezulu kunye neziphakathi zoxinzelelo. amava aqukunjelwe, uncedo oludibeneyo kunye notshintshiselwano, kwaye lwaqulunqwa ngo-1976 -Isicwangciso sophando lwezahlulo ezisisiseko ngo-1980. Ngemigudu evumelanayo yoshishino lonke, impumelelo enkulu yenziwe kumsebenzi wophando lobugcisa, oye wakhuthaza uphuhliso lophando lwezenzululwazi kwivalve. ishishini. Iziphumo zayo eziphambili zezi zilandelayo:
1) Tack kwindawo yokutywina. Uphando lomphezulu wokutywina lujolise ekusombululeni ingxaki yokuvuza kwangaphakathi kweivalve. Ngelo xesha, izixhobo zokutywina zaziyi-20Cr13 kunye ne-12Cr18Ni9, eyayinobunzima obuphantsi, ukunganyangeki kokunxiba, iingxaki ezinzulu zokuvuza kwangaphakathi kwiimveliso zevalvu, kunye nobomi obufutshane benkonzo. I-Shenyang Valve Research Institute, i-Harbin Welding Research Institute kunye ne-Harbin Boiler Factory yenza iqela lophando elidibanisa kathathu. Emva kweminyaka emi-2 yomsebenzi onzima, kwaphuhliswa uhlobo olutsha lwe-chrome-manganese yokutywina i-surfacing surface material (20Cr12Mo8). Izinto eziphathekayo zinokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo. Ukuchasana nokukrala okuhle, ubomi benkonzo ende, kwaye akukho nickel kunye ne-chromium encinci, izixhobo zinokusekelwa kwikhaya, emva kokuvavanywa kobugcisa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunyuswa.
2) Ukuzalisa uphando. Injongo yophando lokupakisha kukusombulula ingxaki yokuvuza kwevalvu. Ngelo xesha, ukupakishwa kwevalve yayiyi-asbestos efakwe ioyile kakhulu kunye ne-asbestos yerabha, kwaye ukusebenza kokutywina kwakungalunganga, okubangele ukuvuza okukhulu kwevalvu. Ngo-1967, iZiko loPhando ngoomatshini Jikelele laququzelela iqela lophando lokuvuza kwangaphandle ukuba liphande ezinye izityalo zemichiza, iindawo zokucoca i-oyile kunye nezityalo zamandla, emva koko lenze uphando lovavanyo lokulwa nokubola ekupakisheleni kunye nezikhondo zevalvu.
3) Uvavanyo lwentsebenzo yemveliso kunye nophando olusisiseko lwethiyori. Ngelixa usenza uphando lobugcisa,ishishini levalvukwakhona kuqhutywe ngamandla uvavanyo lokusebenza kwemveliso kunye nophando olusisiseko lwethiyori, kwaye kuphunyezwe iziphumo ezininzi.
5. Ukuqhuba inguqu kumashishini
Emva kweNkomfa yaseKaifeng ngo-1973, ishishini lonke lenze utshintsho lwezobuchwepheshe. Iingxaki eziphambili ezikhoyo kushishino lwevalvu ngelo xesha: Okokuqala, inkqubo yayingasemva, ukuphosa kwakusenziwa ngokupheleleyo ngesandla, ukuphoswa kweqhekeza elinye, kunye nezixhobo zoomatshini benjongo ngokubanzi kunye nokulungiswa kwenjongo ngokubanzi zazisetyenziselwa ukusebenza okubandayo. Kungenxa yokuba iintlobo kunye neenkcukacha zomzi-mveliso ngamnye ziphindaphindwe ngokugqithisileyo, kwaye inani likhulu kwilizwe lonke, kodwa emva kokusasazwa komzi-mveliso ngamnye, ibhetshi yemveliso incinci kakhulu, nto leyo echaphazela ukusebenza kwamandla okuvelisa. Ukusabela kwezi ngxaki zingasentla, i-Heavy and General Bureau ye-First Ministry of Machinery ibeka phambili la manyathelo alandelayo: ukulungelelanisa iifektri ezikhoyo zevalve ephezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphakathi, ukwenza ucwangciso olumanyeneyo, ukwahlula abasebenzi ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nokwandisa imveliso yobuninzi; yamkela itekhnoloji ephucukileyo, misela imigca yemveliso, kwaye usebenzisane kwiifektri eziphambili kunye neendawo ezingenanto. Imigca emi-4 yokuvelisa intsimbi engenanto iye yasekwa kwindawo yokusebenzela yokugalela intsimbi, kwaye imigca yemveliso eyi-10 ebandayo yamacandelo iye yasekwa kwiifektri ezintandathu eziphambili; Iyonke i-52 yezigidi zeeyuan ityalwe kwinguqu yobuchwepheshe.
(1) Ukuguqulwa kobuchwepheshe bokulungiswa kwe-thermal Kutshintsho lweteknoloji yokulungiswa kwe-thermal, iteknoloji efana neglasi yamanzi i-shell shell mold, isanti edibeneyo, i-tidal mold kunye ne-precision casting ziye zasasazwa. Ukuphoswa ngokuchanekileyo kunokuqonda i-chip-less okanye kunye ne-chip-free machining. Ilungele isango, idlala lokupakisha kunye nomzimba wevalvu kunye nebhonethi yeevalvu ezinobubanzi obuncinci, kunye neenzuzo ezicacileyo zoqoqosho. Ngo-1969, i-Shanghai Lianggong Valve Factory yaqala ukusebenzisa inkqubo echanekileyo yokuphosa kwimveliso yevalvu, ye-PN16, i-DN50 yomzimba wevalve yesango,
2 Kwangoko ngo-1964, i-Shanghai Valve enguNombolo yesi-7 yoMzi-mveliso iyilwe yaza yavelisa ivalufa yesango lomzimba we-semi-automatic yokuvelisa umgca we-semi-automatic. Emva koko, i-Shanghai Valve No. 5 Factory yenzelwe kwaye yenza umgca wemveliso we-semi-automatic ye-DN50 ~ DN100 i-low-pressure globe valve body kunye nebhonethi kwi-1966.
6. Ukuphuhlisa ngamandla iintlobo ezintsha kunye nokuphucula inqanaba leesethi ezipheleleyo
Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zeeseti ezinkulu ezipheleleyo zezixhobo ezifana nepetroleum, ishishini lemichiza, amandla ombane, isinyithi kunye neshishini lepetrochemical, ishishini levalvu liphuhlisa ngamandla iimveliso ezintsha ngaxeshanye lotshintsho lwetekhnoloji, eye yaphucula ukuhambelana. umgangatho weemveliso zevalvu.
03 Isishwankathelo
Ukujonga emva kwi-1967-1978, uphuhliso lweivalve ishishini lakha lachaphazeleka kakhulu. Ngenxa yophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwepetroleum, iikhemikhali, amandla ombane, i-metallurgy kunye namashishini amalahle, iivalvu eziphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphakathi ziye zaba "imveliso yexesha elifutshane". Ngo-1972, umbutho woshishino lwevalvu waqala ukuphinda wenze imisebenzi. Emva kweenkomfa ezimbini ze-Kaifeng, ziqhutywe ngamandla "i-modernizations ezintathu" kunye nomsebenzi wophando lobuchwephesha, ukubeka i-wave yenguqu yezobuchwepheshe kulo lonke ishishini. Ngo-1975, ishishini levalvu laqala ukulungiswa, kwaye imveliso yoshishino yathatha ithuba lokuba ngcono.
Kwi-1973, iKomishoni yoCwangciso lukaRhulumente yavuma imilinganiselo yeziseko zophuhliso ekunyuseni imveliso yoxinzelelo oluphezulu noluphakathiiivalve. Emva kotyalo-mali, ishishini levalvu lenze utshintsho olunokubakho. Ngokusebenzisa inguqu yeteknoloji kunye nokukhuthazwa, ezinye iiteknoloji eziphambili ziye zamkelwa, ukwenzela ukuba inqanaba lokuqhuba okubandayo kulo lonke ishishini liye laphuculwa ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, kwaye iqondo lomatshini wokulungiswa kwe-thermal liphuculwe kwinqanaba elithile. Emva kokukhuthazwa kwenkqubo ye-plasma yokutshiza i-welding, umgangatho wemveliso yeevalve eziphezulu kunye neziphakathi zoxinzelelo ziphuculwe kakhulu, kwaye ingxaki "yenye emfutshane kunye neyokuvuza ezimbini" nayo iphuculwe. Ngokugqitywa kunye nokusebenza kweeprojekthi zokulinganisa iziseko ezingundoqo ezingama-32, ishishini levalvu laseTshayina linesiseko esomeleleyo kunye namandla amakhulu emveliso. Ukususela ngo-1970, ukuveliswa kweevalve eziphezulu kunye neziphakathi zoxinzelelo kuye kwaqhubeka ukukhula. Ukususela ngo-1972 ukuya ku-1975, imveliso inyuke ukusuka kwi-21,284 ukuya kwi-38,500t, kunye nokunyuka kwe-17,216t kwiminyaka emi-4, ngokulingana nesiphumo sonyaka kwi-1970. ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-80,000. Ngeli xesha,ivalve ishishini liphuhlise ngamandla iimveliso ezitsha, hayi kuphela iintlobo zeevalvu zenjongo ngokubanzi eziye zaphuhliswa kakhulu, kodwa kunye neevalvu ezikhethekileyo zezikhululo zamandla, imibhobho, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, ubushushu obuphantsi kunye neshishini lenyukliya, i-aerospace kunye nezinye iivalvu zenjongo eyodwa nazo iphuhliswe kakhulu. Ukuba i-1960 yayilixesha lophuhliso olukhulu lwee-valve zenjongo jikelele, ngoko i-1970 yayilixesha lophuhliso olukhulu lwee-valve ezikhethekileyo. Amandla okuxhasa asekhayaiivalve iphuculwe kakhulu, nto leyo ihlangabezana neemfuno zophuhliso lwamacandelo ngamacandelo oqoqosho lwesizwe.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-04-2022
