Ivalvu yesangoyivalvu eqhelekileyo esetyenziswa ngokubanzi eneendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lokugcina amanzi, i-metallurgy kunye namanye amashishini. Ububanzi bokusebenza kwayo buye baqatshelwa yimarike. Ukongeza kuphononongo lwevalvu yesango, ikwafunde kakhulu kwaye ineenkcukacha malunga nokusetyenziswa kunye nokusombulula iingxakiiivalvu zesango.
Oku kulandelayo yingxoxo ngokubanzi malunga nesakhiwo, ukusetyenziswa, ukusombulula iingxaki, ukuhlolwa komgangatho kunye nezinye iinkaloiivalvu zesango.
1. Ulwakhiwo
Ulwakhiwo lweivalvu yesango: iivalvu yesangoyivalvu esebenzisa ipleyiti yesango kunye nesihlalo sevalvu ukulawula ukuvulwa nokuvalwa.Ivalvu yesangoikakhulu iqulathe umzimba wevalvu, isihlalo sevalvu, ipleyiti yesango, isiqu sevalvu, ibhonethi, ibhokisi yokuzalisa, i-packing gland, i-stem nut, i-handwheel njalo njalo. Ngokuxhomekeke kutshintsho lwendawo ephakathi kwesango kunye nesihlalo sevalvu, ubungakanani betshaneli bunokutshintshwa kwaye itshaneli inganqunyulwa. Ukuze kwenziweivalvu yesangovala ngokuqinileyo, umphezulu wokudibana kwepleyiti yesango kunye nesihlalo sevalvu uyagaywa.
Ngokweemilo ezahlukeneyo zesakhiwoiivalvu zesango, iivalvu zesango zinokwahlulwa zibe luhlobo lwe-wedge kunye nohlobo oluhambelanayo.
Isango le-wedgeivalvu yesangoimile okwe-wedge, kwaye umphezulu wokutywina wenza i-engile e-oblique enomgca osembindini wetshaneli, kwaye i-wedge ephakathi kwesango kunye nesihlalo se-valve isetyenziselwa ukuvala. Ipleyiti ye-wedge ingaba yi-ram enye okanye i-ram ephindwe kabini.
Imiphezulu yokutywina yevalvu yesango elihambelanayo iyafana kwaye imile nkqo kumgca ophakathi wetshaneli, kwaye kukho iintlobo ezimbini: enendlela yokwandisa kwaye ingenandlela yokwandisa. Kukho iinkunzi eziphindwe kabini ezinendlela yokusasaza. Xa iinkunzi zisihla, iingqukuva zeenkunzi ezimbini ezihambelanayo ziya kusasaza iinkunzi ezimbini kwisihlalo sevalvu nxamnye nomphezulu othe tyaba ukuvimba umjelo wokuhamba. Xa iinkunzi ziphakama kwaye zivuleka, iingqukuva kunye neengcango ziya kwahlulwa. Umphezulu ohambelanayo wepleyiti uyahlulwa, ipleyiti yesango iphakama iye kubude obuthile, kwaye ingqukuva ixhaswa yi-boss kwipleyiti yesango. Isango eliphindwe kabini elingenandlela yokwandisa, xa isango lingena kwisihlalo sevalvu ecaleni kwemiphezulu emibini yesihlalo esihambelanayo, uxinzelelo lolwelo lusetyenziselwa ukucinezela isango nxamnye nomzimba wevalvu kwicala lokukhupha levalvu ukuvala ulwelo.
Ngokwentshukumo yesiqu sevalvu xa isango livuliwe kwaye livaliwe, ivalvu yesango yahlulwe yaba ziintlobo ezimbini: ivalvu yesango lesiqu esinyukayo kunye nevalvu yesango lesiqu esifihliweyo. Isiqu sevalvu kunye nepleyiti yesango yevalvu yesango lesiqu esinyukayo ziyaphakama kwaye ziwe ngaxeshanye xa zivulwa okanye zivaliwe; xa ivalvu yesango lesiqu esifihliweyo ivulwa okanye ivaliwe, isiqu sevalvu siyajikeleza kuphela, kwaye ukuphakanyiswa kwesiqu sevalvu akubonakali, kwaye ipleyiti yevalvu iyaphakama okanye iyawa. Inzuzo yevalvu yesango lesiqu esinyukayo kukuba ukuphakama kokuvula kwetshaneli kunokugwetywa ngokuphakama kwesiqu sevalvu, kodwa ukuphakama okuhlalwayo kunokufinyezwa. Xa ujongene nevili lesandla okanye isiphatho, jika ivili lesandla okanye isiphatho ngokwewotshi ukuze uvale ivalvu.
2. Iziganeko kunye nemigaqo yokukhetha iivalvu zesango
01. Iflethiivalvu yesango
Izihlandlo zokusetyenziswa kwevalvu yesango leslab:
(1) Kwimibhobho yeoyile negesi yendalo, ivalvu yesango elithe tyaba enemingxuma yokujika ikwalula ukuyicoca.
(2) Iipayipi kunye nezixhobo zokugcina ioyile ecociweyo.
(3) Izixhobo zokusebenzisa ioyile negesi yendalo.
(4) Iipayipi ezine-particle media ezixhonyiweyo.
(5) Umbhobho wokuhambisa igesi yesixeko.
(6) Imisebenzi yamanzi.
Umgaqo wokukhetha i-slabivalvu yesango:
(1) Kwimibhobho yeoyile negesi yendalo, sebenzisa i-slab enye okanye ezimbiniiivalvu zesangoUkuba kuyimfuneko ukucoca umbhobho, sebenzisa isango elinye elinevalvu yesango elivulekileyo elisicaba elinomngxuma wokujika.
(2) Kwimibhobho yokuthutha kunye nezixhobo zokugcina ioyile ecociweyo, ivalvu yesango elithe tyaba ene-ram enye okanye i-ram ephindwe kabini engenamingxuma yokujika iyakhethwa.
(3) Ukufakela izibuko zokukhupha ioyile negesi yendalo, kukhethwa iivalvu zesango elinye okanye ezimbini ezinezitulo ezidadayo zentonga efihliweyo kunye nemingxuma yokujika.
(4) Kwimibhobho ene-particle media exhonyiweyo, kukhethwa iivalvu zesango le-slab ezimile okwemela.
(5) Kwimibhobho yokuhambisa igesi yasezidolophini, sebenzisa iivalvu zesango elinye okanye iivalvu zesango eliphindwe kabini ezitywiniweyo nezithambileyo.
(6) Kwiiprojekthi zamanzi empompini, kukhethwa iivalvu zesango elinye okanye ezimbini ezineentonga ezivulekileyo ezingenamingxuma yokujika.
02. Ivalvu yesango le-Wedge
Izihlandlo ezifanelekileyo zevalvu yesango le-wedge: Phakathi kweentlobo ngeentlobo zeevalvu, ivalvu yesango yeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu. Ngokwesiqhelo ifaneleka kuphela ekuvulekeni ngokupheleleyo okanye ekuvaleni ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ayinakusetyenziselwa ukulawula nokulawula.
Iivalvu zesango le-wedge zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiindawo apho kungekho mfuneko ingqongqo kwimilinganiselo yangaphandle yevalvu, kwaye iimeko zokusebenza zinzima kakhulu. Umzekelo, indawo yokusebenza yobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu ifuna iindawo zokuvala ukuqinisekisa ukuvalwa kwexesha elide, njl.
Ngokubanzi, iimeko zenkonzo okanye zifuna ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kokutywina, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, ukunqunyulwa koxinzelelo oluphezulu (umahluko omkhulu woxinzelelo), ukunqunyulwa koxinzelelo oluphantsi (umahluko omncinci woxinzelelo), ingxolo ephantsi, ukutsalwa kwe-cavitation kunye nokufuma, ubushushu obuphakathi obuphezulu, ubushushu obuphantsi (i-cryogenic), kucetyiswa ukusebenzisa i-Wedge gate valve. Ezifana noshishino lwamandla, ukunyibilikisa ipetroli, ishishini le-petrochemical, ioyile yolwandle, ubunjineli bokubonelela ngamanzi kunye nobunjineli bonyango lwelindle kulwakhiwo lwasezidolophini, ishishini leekhemikhali kunye nezinye iindawo zisetyenziswa kakhulu.
Umgaqo wokukhetha:
(1) Iimfuneko zeempawu zolwelo lwevalvu. Iivalvu zesango zikhethwa kwiimeko zokusebenza ezinokumelana nokugeleza okuncinci, amandla okugeleza aqinileyo, iimpawu zokuhamba kakuhle, kunye neemfuno ezingqongqo zokutywina.
(2) Ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nendawo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Njengomphunga oxinezelekileyo, ubushushu obuphezulu kunye neoyile yoxinzelelo oluphezulu.
(3) Ubushushu obuphantsi (i-cryogenic) medium. Ezifana ne-ammonia engamanzi, i-hydrogen engamanzi, i-oxygen engamanzi kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswayo.
(4) Uxinzelelo oluphantsi kunye nobubanzi obukhulu. Njengemisebenzi yamanzi, imisebenzi yokucoca amdaka.
(5) Indawo yokufakela: Xa ubude bokufakela bulinganiselwe, khetha ivalvu yesango le-stem wedge efihliweyo; xa ubude bungalinganiselwe, khetha ivalvu yesango le-stem wedge eveziweyo.
(6) Iivalvu zesango le-wedge zingasetyenziswa kuphela xa zinokusetyenziswa kuphela ekuvulekeni ngokupheleleyo okanye ekuvaleni ngokupheleleyo, kwaye azinakusetyenziselwa ukulungisa nokuqhobosha.
3. Iziphene eziqhelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa
01. Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kunye nezizathuiivalvu zesango
Emva kweivalvu yesangoxa isetyenziswa, ngenxa yemiphumo yobushushu obuphakathi, uxinzelelo, ukugqwala kunye nokuhamba okunxulumeneyo kweendawo ezahlukeneyo zoqhagamshelwano, ezi ngxaki zilandelayo zihlala zisenzeka.
(1) Ukuvuza: Kukho iintlobo ezimbini, ezizezi ukuvuza kwangaphandle kunye nokuvuza kwangaphakathi. Ukuvuza ngaphandle kwevalvu kubizwa ngokuba kukuvuza kwangaphandle, kwaye ukuvuza kwangaphandle kudla ngokufumaneka kwiibhokisi zokuzalisa kunye noqhagamshelo lweflange.
Izizathu zokuvuza kwebhokisi yokuzalisa: uhlobo okanye umgangatho wokuzalisa awuhlangabezani neemfuno; ukuzalisa kuyaguga okanye isiqu sevalvu sigugile; indlala yokuzalisa ikhululekile; umphezulu wesiqu sevalvu ukrwelekile.
Izizathu zokuvuza kuqhagamshelo lweflange: Izinto okanye ubungakanani begasket abuhlangabezani neemfuno; umgangatho wokucubungula womphezulu wokutywina iflange awulunganga; iibholiti zoqhagamshelo aziqiniswanga ngokufanelekileyo; ulungiselelo lombhobho alunangqiqo, kwaye umthwalo owongezelelweyo ogqithisileyo wenziwa kuqhagamshelo.
Izizathu zokuvuza kwangaphakathi kwevalvu: Ukuvuza okubangelwa kukuvalwa kwevalvu okuthambileyo kukuvuza kwangaphakathi, okubangelwa kukonakala komphezulu wokutywina wevalvu okanye ingcambu ethambileyo yeringi yokutywina.
(1) Ukubola kudla ngokuba kukubola komzimba wevalvu, ibhonethi, isiqu sevalvu, kunye nomphezulu wokutywina iflange. Ukubola kubangelwa ikakhulu yintshukumo yesixhobo, kunye nokukhululwa kwee-ions kwizalisa kunye neegasket.
(2) Imikrwelo: ukukrwela okanye ukuxobuka komphezulu okwenzeka xa isango kunye nesihlalo sevalvu zishukuma phantsi koxinzelelo oluthile loqhagamshelwano.
02. Ukugcinwa kweivalvu yesango
(1) Ukulungiswa kokuvuza kwangaphandle kwevalvu
Xa ucinezela ukupakisha, iibholiti ze-gland kufuneka zilinganiswe ukuze i-gland ingathambeki kwaye ishiye isithuba sokuxinana. Ngelixa ucinezela ukupakisha, isiqu se-valve kufuneka sijikeleziswe ukuze ukupakisha okujikeleze isiqu se-valve kufane, kwaye kuthintelwe uxinzelelo ekubeni luqine kakhulu, ukuze lungachaphazeli ukujikeleza kwesiqu se-valve, kwandiswe ukuguguleka kokupakisha, kwaye kufinyezwe ubomi benkonzo. Umphezulu wesiqu se-valve uyakrwelwa, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuphuma kwesi sixhobo. Kufuneka sicutshungulwe ukuze kususwe imikrwelo kumphezulu wesiqu se-valve ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa.
Xa kuvuza kwi-flange connection, ukuba i-gasket yonakele, kufuneka itshintshwe; ukuba izinto ze-gasket zikhethwe ngendlela engafanelekanga, kufuneka kukhethwe izinto ezinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa; ukuba umgangatho wokucubungula umphezulu wokutywina i-flange awulunganga, kufuneka ususwe kwaye ulungiswe. Umphezulu wokutywina i-flange uyacutshungulwa kwakhona ude ulungelelaniswe.
Ukongeza, ukuqinisa ngokufanelekileyo iibholithi zeflange, uqwalaselo oluchanekileyo lwemibhobho, kunye nokuphepha umthwalo owongezelelweyo ogqithisileyo kwiiqhagamshelo zeflange konke oku kunceda ekuthinteleni ukuvuza kwiiqhagamshelo zeflange.
(2) Ukulungiswa kokuvuza kwangaphakathi kwevalvu
Ukulungiswa kokuvuza kwangaphakathi kukususa umonakalo womphezulu wokutywina kunye nengcambu ekhululekileyo yeringi yokutywina (xa iringi yokutywina inamathele kwipleyiti yevalvu okanye isihlalo ngokucinezela okanye ngokufaka imisonto). Ukuba umphezulu wokutywina ucutshungulwa ngqo emzimbeni wevalvu kunye nepleyiti yevalvu, akukho ngxaki yeengcambu ezikhululekileyo kunye nokuvuza.
Xa umphezulu wokuvala wonakele kakhulu kwaye umphezulu wokuvala wenziwe yiringi yokuvala, iringi endala kufuneka isuswe kwaye kufuneka kunikwe iringi entsha yokuvala; ukuba umphezulu wokuvala ucutshungulwa ngqo emzimbeni wevalvu, umphezulu wokuvala owonakeleyo kufuneka ususwe kuqala. Susa, uze ucole iringi entsha yokuvala okanye umphezulu ocutshungulweyo uye kumphezulu omtsha wokuvala. Xa imikrwelo, amaqhuma, ukutyumza, ukuqhekeka kunye nezinye iziphene kumphezulu wokuvala zingaphantsi kwe-0.05mm, zinokususwa ngokusila.
Ukuvuza kwenzeka kwingcambu yeringi yokutywina. Xa iringi yokutywina iqinisiwe ngokucinezela, beka iteyiphu ye-tetrafluoroethylene okanye ipeyinti emhlophe etyebileyo kwiivalvuisihlalo okanye ezantsi komngxuma weringi yeringi yokuvala, uze ucinezele iringi yokuvala ukuze uzalise ingcambu yeringi yokuvala; Xa iringi yokuvala ifakelwe imisonto, iteyiphu ye-PTFE okanye ipeyinti emhlophe etyebileyo kufuneka ibekwe phakathi kwemisonto ukuthintela ulwelo ekuvuzeni phakathi kwemisonto.
(3) Ukulungiswa kokubola kwevalvu
Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, umzimba wevalvu kunye nebhonethi zibola ngokulinganayo, ngelixa isiqu sevalvu sidla ngokubotshelelwa. Xa kulungiswa, iimveliso zokubola kufuneka zisuswe kuqala. Kwisiqu sevalvu esinemingxuma yokubotshelelwa, kufuneka sicutshungulwe nge-lathe ukuze kupheliswe ukuxinana, kwaye kusetyenziswe isizalisi esine-arhente yokukhulula kancinci, okanye ucoce isizalisi ngamanzi acocekileyo ukuze kususwe isizalisi esiyingozi kwisiqu sevalvu.
(4) Ukulungiswa kwemikrwelo kumphezulu wokuvala
Ngexesha lokusebenzisa ivalvu, zama ukuthintela ukuba umphezulu wokuvala ungakrwelwa, kwaye i-torque akufuneki ibe nkulu kakhulu xa uvala ivalvu. Ukuba umphezulu wokuvala ukrwelwe, ungasuswa ngokusila.
4. Ukufunyanwa kweivalvu yesango
Kwimeko yemarike yangoku kunye neemfuno zomsebenzisi, isinyithiiivalvu zesangozenza igalelo elikhulu. Njengomhloli womgangatho wemveliso, ukongeza ekubeni uqhelene nokuhlolwa komgangatho wemveliso, kufuneka ube nokuqonda kakuhle imveliso ngokwayo.
01. Isiseko sokufumanisa isinyithiivalvu yesango
Intsimbiiivalvu zesangozivavanywa ngokusekelwe kumgangatho wesizwe we-GB/T12232-2005 “Intsimbi ejijekileyoiivalvu zesangokwiivalvu eziqhelekileyo”.
02. Izinto zokuhlola zentsimbiivalvu yesango
Ibandakanya ikakhulu: imiqondiso, ubuncinci bobukhulu bodonga, uvavanyo loxinzelelo, uvavanyo lweqokobhe, njl. Phakathi kwazo, ubukhulu bodonga, uxinzelelo, kunye novavanyo lweqokobhe zizinto zokuhlola ezifunekayo kunye nezinto eziphambili. Ukuba kukho izinto ezingafanelekanga, zinokugwetywa ngokuthe ngqo njengeemveliso ezingafanelekanga.
Ngamafutshane, ukuhlolwa komgangatho wemveliso yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo yokuhlolwa kwemveliso yonke, kwaye ukubaluleka kwayo kuyabonakala. Njengabasebenzi bokuhlola abaphambili, kufuneka sihlale siqinisa umgangatho wethu, kungekuphela nje ukuze senze umsebenzi olungileyo ekuhlolweni kwemveliso, kodwa nokuba siyakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi ongcono wokuhlola kuphela xa sinokuqonda iimveliso ezihloliweyo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-31-2023
