Iivalvu yesangoyivalvu eqhelekileyo eqhelekileyo enokusetyenziswa okubanzi. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini okugcina amanzi, i-metallurgy kunye namanye amashishini. Ukusebenza kwayo okukhulu kuye kwaqatshelwazihlolwe yimarike. Kwiminyaka emininzi yokujonga nokuvavanya umgangatho kunye nobuchwepheshe, umbhali akenzanga uphando oluthile kuphela ngokuchongwa kwevalvu yesango, kodwa nokusetyenziswa kwevalvu yesango, ndenze uphando olucokisekileyo nolucokisekileyo.
Okulandelayo yingxoxo ngokubanzi malunga nesakhiwo, ukusetyenziswa, ukusombulula iingxaki, ukuhlolwa komgangatho kunye nezinye iinkalo zevalvu yesango.
Isakhiwo
Ulwakhiwo lweivalvu yesango: Iivalvu yesangoyiivalvuesebenzisa ipleyiti yesango kunye nesihlalo sevalvu ukulawula ukuvulwa nokuvalwa.ivalvu yesangoikakhulu iqulathe umzimba wevalvu, isihlalo sevalvu, ipleyiti yesango, isiqu sevalvu, isiciko sevalvu, ileta yokupakisha, isiciko soxinzelelo lokupakisha, i-nut yesiqu sevalvu, isandla-ivili, njl. Ngokuxhomekeke kutshintsho lwendawo ephakathi kwesango kunye nesihlalo sevalvu, ubungakanani betshaneli bunokutshintshwa kwaye itshaneli inganqunyulwa. Ukuze ivalwe kakuhle ivalvu yesango, ipleyiti yesango kunye nesihlalo sevalvu ziyacolwa.
Ngokwemilo eyahlukileyo yesakhiwo sevalvu yesango, ivalvu yesango inokwahlulwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amabini: i-wedge kunye ne-parallel.
Ipleyiti yesango yevalvu yesango le-wedge ikwimo entle, kwaye umphezulu wokutywina uthambekele kumgca ophakathi wetshaneli. I-wedge ephakathi kwepleyiti yesango kunye nesihlalo sevalvu isetyenziselwa ukuvala (ukuvala). Ipleyiti ye-wedge ingaba yisango elinye okanye isango eliphindwe kabini.
Umphezulu wokutywina wevalvu yesango elihamba ngaxeshanye uhambelana kwaye umi nkqo kumgca ophakathi wetshaneli. Yahlulwe yaba ziintlobo ezimbini: indlela evulekileyo kunye nendlela engavuliyo. Kukho isango eliphindwe kabini elinendlela evulekileyo. Xa isango lihla, ii-wedges zamasango amabini ahamba ngaxeshanye zixhasa amasango amabini kwisihlalo sevalvu esithambekeni kwaye zinqumle umjelo wokuhamba. Xa isango liphakama kwaye livuleka, ifosholo kunye nesango ziyasebenzisana nesango ziyahlukana, isango liphakama liye kubude obuthile, kwaye i-wedge ibanjwe yi-con. Ipleyiti yesango eliphindwe kabini ngaphandle kwendlela evulekileyo. Xa ipleyiti yesango ityibilika kwisihlalo sevalvu ecaleni kwezihlalo zevalvu ezimbini ezihamba ngaxeshanye, uxinzelelo lolwelo lusetyenziselwa ukucinezela ipleyiti yesango emzimbeni wevalvu kwicala le-outlet yevalvu ukuvala ulwelo.
Ngokweentshukumo ezahlukeneyo zesiqu sevalvu xa isango livuliwe kwaye livaliwe, ivalvu yesango yahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini: ivalvu yesango evulekileyo kunye nevalvu yesango ebumnyama. Xa isiqu sevalvu kunye nepleyiti yesango yevalvu yesango evulekileyo zivuliwe okanye zivaliwe, ziyaphakama kwaye ziwe ngaxeshanye; xa ivalvu yesango ebumnyama ivuliwe okanye ivaliwe, isiqu sevalvu sijikeleziswa kuphela, ukunyuka nokuwa kwesiqu sevalvu akubonakali, kwaye ipleyiti yevalvu iphakanyisiwe okanye yehlisiwe. Inzuzo yevalvu yesango evulekileyo kukuba inokugweba ukuphakama kokuvula komjelo ngokuphakama kokuphakama kwesiqu sevalvu, kodwa inokunciphisa ukuphakama kokubamba. Xa ujongene nesandla-ivili okanye isiphatho, jika isandla-ivili okanye isiphatho ngokwewotshi, kwaye ivalvu ivaliwe.
Umgaqo wokukhetha kunye nokukhetha wevalvu yesibini yesango:
Iflethi ye-01ivalvu yesango
Ukusetyenziswa kwevalvu yesango elisicaba:
(1) Imibhobho yokuhambisa ioyile negesi yendalo, iivalvu zesango ezisicaba ezinemingxuma yokujika nazo zilungele ukucoca imibhobho.
(2) Iipayipi zokuhambisa kunye nezixhobo zokugcina ioyile ecociweyo.
(3) Izixhobo zokukhupha ioyile negesi yendalo.
(4) Imibhobho ene-particle media exhonyiweyo.
(5) Umbhobho wokuhambisa igesi ezidolophini.
(6) Iprojekthi yokubonelela ngamanzi.
Umgaqo wokukhetha ivalvu yesango elisicaba:
(1) Kwimibhobho yokuhambisa ioyile negesi yendalo, khetha iivalvu zesango ezisicaba ezineegeti ezilodwa okanye iigeti eziphindwe kabini. Ukuba ufuna ukucoca umbhobho, khetha ivalvu yesango esicaba enegeti enye enemngxuma wokujika.
(2) Kwimibhobho yokudlulisa kunye nezixhobo zokugcina ioyile ecociweyo, khetha isango elinye elingenamngxuma wokujika okanye ivalvu yesango elithe tyaba enesango eliphindwe kabini.
(3) Kwizixhobo zokukhupha ioyile negesi yendalo, khetha isango elinye elinesihlalo sevalvu esintantayo sentonga emnyama esinomngxuma wokujika okanye ivalvu yesango elithe tyaba enesango eliphindwe kabini.
(4) Kwimibhobho ene-particle media exhonyiweyo, khetha ivalvu yesango lepleyiti emile okwemela.
(5) Kwimibhobho yokuhambisa igesi yasezidolophini, khetha ivalvu yesango elinye okanye ivalvu yesango elithambileyo elivulekileyo elinodonga oluthe tyaba.
(6) Kwinjineli yokubonelela ngamanzi, khetha ipleyiti yesango elinye okanye ipleyiti yesango eliphindwe kabini engenamngxuma wokujika intonga evulekileyo yesango elisicaba.
02 wedgeivalvu yesango
Izihlandlo ezifanelekileyo zevalvu yesango le-wedge: Phakathi kweentlobo ngeentlobo zeevalvu, ivalvu yesango isetyenziswa kakhulu. Ngokwesiqhelo ifaneleka kuphela ekuvulekeni ngokupheleleyo okanye ekuvaleni ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ayinakusetyenziselwa ukulawula nokulawula.
Ivalvu yesango le-wedge isetyenziswa kwiindawo apho kungekho mfuneko ingqongqo yobukhulu bangaphandle bevalvu, kwaye iimeko zokusetyenziswa zinzima kakhulu. Umzekelo, kwindawo yokusebenza enobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, kufuneka ukuba iindawo ezivaliweyo zivalwe ixesha elide.
Ngokubanzi, xa iimeko zokusetyenziswa okanye iimfuno zokusebenza okuthembekileyo kokutywina, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, ukunqunyulwa koxinzelelo oluphezulu (umahluko omkhulu woxinzelelo), ukunqunyulwa koxinzelelo oluphantsi (umahluko omncinci woxinzelelo), ingxolo ephantsi, umngxuma womoya kunye nesiganeko sokusasazwa komphunga, ubushushu obuphakathi obuphezulu, ubushushu obuphantsi (ukubanda okunzulu), kuyacetyiswa ukusebenzisa ivalvu yesango lokubhoboza. Umzekelo, kukho izicelo ezininzi kwishishini lamandla, ukunyibilikisa ipetroli, i-petroleum, i-oyile yolwandle, ubunjineli bamanzi kunye nobunjineli bonyango lwelindle kulwakhiwo lwasezidolophini, kunye neshishini leekhemikhali.
Umgaqo wokukhetha:
(1) Iimfuneko zeempawu zolwelo lwevalvu. Ivalvu yesango isetyenziselwa iimeko zokusebenza ezinokumelana nokugeleza okuncinci, amandla okujikeleza kwegazi aqinileyo, iimpawu zokuhamba kakuhle kunye neemfuno ezingqongqo zokutywina.
(2) Ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nomgangatho ophakathi woxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ezifana nomphunga ophantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu, iimveliso zeoyile eziphantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nomgangatho ophakamileyo.
(3) Ubushushu obuphantsi (obandayo kakhulu). Ezifana ne-ammonia engamanzi, i-hydrogen engamanzi, i-oksijini engamanzi kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswayo.
(4) Uxinzelelo oluphantsi kunye nobukhuluubungakananiEzifana neeprojekthi zamanzi empompini kunye neeprojekthi zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka.
(5) Indawo yokufaka: khetha ivalvu yesango lentonga emnyama xa ubude bokufaka bulinganiselwe; khetha ivalvu yesango lentonga evulekileyo xa ubude bungalinganiselwe.
(6) Kuphela xa inokuvulwa ngokupheleleyo okanye ivalwe ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ingenakusetyenziselwa ukulungisa nokuqhobosha, apho ivalvu yesango lokubhoboza ingakhethwa khona.
Iziphene ezintathu eziqhelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa
01 Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kunye nezizathu zeevalvu zesango
Emva kokusetyenziswa kwevalvu yesango, ezi ngxaki zilandelayo zihlala zivela ngenxa yobushushu, uxinzelelo, ukugqwala kunye nentshukumo ehambelanayo yoqhagamshelwano ngalunye.
(1) Ukuvuza: Kukho iintlobo ezimbini, ezizezi, ukuvuza kwangaphandle kunye nokuvuza kwangaphakathi. Ukuvuza ngaphandle kwevalvu kubizwa ngokuba kukuvuza, kwaye ukuvuza kuqhelekile kwibhokisi yokupakisha kunye noqhagamshelo lweflange.
Izizathu zokuvuza kwebhokisi yokupakisha: uhlobo okanye umgangatho wokupakisha awuhlangabezani neemfuno; ukuguga kokupakisha okanye ukuguguleka kwesiqu sevalvu; ukukhululeka kwegland yokupakisha; ukukrweleka kumphezulu wesiqu sevalvu.
Izizathu zokuvuza kuqhagamshelo lweflange: izinto okanye ubungakanani begasket abuhlangabezani neemfuno; umgangatho wokucubungula womphezulu wokutywina iflange awulunganga; iibholiti zoqhagamshelo azibotshelelwanga kakuhle; ulwakhiwo lombhobho alunangqiqo, nto leyo ebangela imithwalo eyongezelelweyo engaphezulu kuqhagamshelo.
Izizathu zokuvuza kwangaphakathi kwevalvu: Ukuvuza okubangelwa kukuvalwa kwevalvu okuxineneyo kukuvuza kwangaphakathi, okubangelwa kukonakala komphezulu wokutywina kwevalvu okanye ingcambu exineneyo yeringi yokutywina.
(1) Ukugqwala kudla ngokuba kukugqwala komzimba wevalvu, isigqubuthelo sevalvu, isiqu sevalvu kunye nomphezulu wokutywina iflange. Ukugqwala kubangelwa ikakhulu yintshukumo yesixhobo, kunye nokukhululwa kwee-ions kwizalisa kunye neegasket.
(2) Ukukrwela: ukutsala okanye ukuxobuka komphezulu wendawo kwenzeka xa ipleyiti yesango kunye nesihlalo sevalvu zishukuma phantsi koxinzelelo oluthile lomlinganiselo woqhagamshelwano.
02 Ukugcinwa kwevalvu yesango
(1) Ukulungiswa kokuvuza kwangaphandle kwevalvu
Xa ucinezela isizalisi, i-bolt ye-gland ephezulu kufuneka ilinganiswe ukuze kuthintelwe ukuthambeka kwe-gland, kushiyeke isithuba sokucinezelwa. Ngelixa ucinezela isizalisi, i-valve stem kufuneka ijikwe ukuze isizalisi esijikeleze i-valve stem sifane kwaye kuthintelwe uxinzelelo ukuba lungafi, ukuze lungachaphazeli ukujikeleza kwe-valve stem, kwandiswe ukuguguleka kwesizalisi, kwaye kufinyezwe ubomi benkonzo. Umphezulu we-valve stem uyakrwelwa, ukuze kube lula ukuphuma kwe-medium. Kufuneka icutshungulwe ukuze kususwe imikrwelo kumphezulu we-valve stem ngaphambi kokuba isetyenziswe.
Ukuba i-gasket yonakele, kufuneka itshintshwe; ukuba izinto ze-gasket azikhethwanga ngokufanelekileyo, kufuneka kukhethwe izinto ezinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa; ukuba umphezulu wokutywina we-flange awusemgangathweni wokucubungula, umphezulu wokutywina we-flange kufuneka ususwe kwaye ucutshungulwe kwakhona ude ulungelelaniswe.
Ukongeza, ukuqinisa ngokufanelekileyo iibholithi zeflange, ukumisela ngokuchanekileyo umbhobho, kunye nokuphepha imithwalo eyongezelelweyo engaphezulu kuqhagamshelo lweflange kunceda ekuthinteleni ukuvuza kuqhagamshelo lweflange.
(2) Ukulungiswa kokuvuza kwangaphakathi kwevalvu
Ukulungiswa kokuvuza kwangaphakathi kukususa umonakalo kumphezulu wokutywina kunye nokungakhululeki kwengcambu yeringi yokutywina (xa iringi yokutywina inamathele kwipleyiti yevalvu okanye kwisihlalo sevalvu ngokucinezela okanye ngentambo). Ukuba umphezulu wokutywina ucutshungulwa ngqo emzimbeni wevalvu kunye nepleyiti yevalvu, akukho ngxaki yeengcambu ezikhululekileyo kunye nokuvuza.
Xa umphezulu wokuvala wonakele kakhulu kwaye umphezulu wokuvala wenziwe yiringi yokuvala, iringi endala kufuneka isuswe kwaye ixhotyiswe ngeringi entsha yokuvala; ukuba umphezulu wokuvala ucutshungulwa ngqo emzimbeni wevalvu, umphezulu wokuvala owonakeleyo kufuneka ususwe kuqala, kwaye emva koko iringi entsha yokuvala okanye umphezulu ocutshungulwayo kufuneka ucolwe ube ngumphezulu omtsha wokuvala. Xa imikrwelo, amaqhuma, ukutyumza, ukuqhekeka kunye nezinye iziphene zomphezulu wokuvala zingaphantsi kwe-0.05mm, zinokususwa ngokusila.
Ingcambu yeringi yokutywina iyavuza. Xa iringi yokutywina icinezelwe kwaye iqinisiwe, ibhanti ye-PTFE okanye ipeyinti emhlophe etyebileyo ingafakwa ezantsi kwesihlalo sevalvu okanye umngxuma weringi yokutywina, ize icinezelwe kwiringi yokutywina ukuze izalise ingcambu yeringi yokutywina. Xa iringi yokutywina iqiniswe ngentambo, ibhanti ye-PTFE okanye ipeyinti emhlophe etyebileyo kufuneka ibekwe phakathi kwentambo Ukuvuza phakathi kwemigca.
(3) Ukulungiswa kokubola kwevalvu
Ngokubanzi, umzimba wevalvu kunye nesigqubuthelo sevalvu zibola ngokulinganayo, ngelixa isiqu sevalvu sihlala sibopha. Xa kulungiswa, imveliso ebophayo kufuneka isuswe kuqala. Kwisiqu sevalvu esineemingxuma zemingxuma, kufuneka sicutshungulwe kwi-lathe ukuze kupheliswe ukuxinana, kutshintshwe kwi-filler equlethe i-arhente yokukhulula ixesha elide, okanye kucocwe i-filler ngamanzi acocekileyo ukuze kususwe ii-ions kwi-filler ezinefuthe lokubola kwisiqu sevalvu.
(4) Ukulungiswa kwemikrwelo kumphezulu wokuvala
Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwevalvu, ukukrazulwa komphezulu wokutywina kufuneka kuthintelwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye i-torque akufuneki ibe nkulu kakhulu xa uvala ivalvu. Ukuba ukukrazulwa komphezulu wokutywina kunokususwa ngokusila.
Ukufunyanwa kweevalvu ezine zesango
Kwimeko yemarike yangoku kunye neemfuno zabasebenzisi, iivalvu zesango lesinyithi zibaluleke kakhulu. Njengomhloli womgangatho wemveliso, ukongeza ekubeni uqhelene novavanyo lomgangatho wemveliso, kufuneka ube nokuqonda kakuhle imveliso ngokwayo.
01 Isiseko sovavanyo lwevalvu yesango lesinyithi
Ukuchongwa kwevalvu yesango lesinyithi kusekelwe kwi-GB/T12232-2005 standard "ivalvu yesango lesinyithi yoqhagamshelo lweflange ye-valve eqhelekileyo".
02 Izinto zokuhlola ivalvu yesango lesinyithi
Ibandakanya ikakhulu: ilogo, * ubukhulu bodonga obuncinci, uvavanyo loxinzelelo, uvavanyo lweqokobhe, njl. Phakathi kwazo, ubukhulu bodonga, uvavanyo loxinzelelo kunye neqokobhe zizinto zokuhlola ezifunekayo kunye nezinto eziphambili. Ukuba kukho izinto ezingafanelekanga, zinokugwetywa ngokuthe ngqo njengeemveliso ezingafanelekanga.
Ngamafutshane, ukuhlolwa komgangatho wemveliso yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuhlolwa kwemveliso yonke. Ukubaluleka kwayo kuyabonakala. Njengabasebenzi bokuhlola abaphambili, kufuneka sihlale siqinisa umgangatho wethu. Akufanele senze umsebenzi olungileyo kuphela ekuhlolweni kwemveliso, kodwa kufuneka siqonde neemveliso ezihloliweyo, ukuze sikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi olungileyo ekuhlolweni.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-23-2023
