Inqanaba lokuqala loshishino lwevalvu (1949-1959)
01 Ququzelela ukusebenzela ukuvuselelwa koqoqosho lwesizwe
Ixesha elisusela kowe-1949 ukusa kowe-1952 yayilixesha lokuhlaziyeka koqoqosho lwelizwe lam. Ngenxa yeemfuno zokwakha kwezoqoqosho, ilizwe lifuna ngokungxamisekileyo inani elikhuluiivalve, hayi kuphelaiivalve zoxinzelelo oluphantsi, kodwa kunye nebhetshi yeevalvu eziphezulu kunye neziphakathi ezingazange zenziwe ngelo xesha. Indlela yokulungelelanisa imveliso yevalvu ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezingxamisekileyo zelizwe ngumsebenzi onzima nonzima.
1. Isikhokelo kunye nenkxaso yemveliso
Ngokuhambelana nomgaqo-nkqubo "wokuphuhlisa imveliso, ukuphumelela kwezoqoqosho, kuthathelwa ingqalelo zombini kuluntu kunye nabucala, kwaye kuxhamle abasebenzi kunye nenkunzi", urhulumente wabantu wamkela indlela yokucubungula kunye noku-odola, kwaye uxhasa ngamandla amashishini aphakathi kunye namancinci abucala ukuba asebenze. vula kwakhona kwaye uvelise iivalvu. Ngobusuku bokusekwa kweRiphabhlikhi yaBantu baseTshayina, iShenyang Chengfa Iron Factory ekugqibeleni yavala ishishini layo ngenxa yamatyala anzima kwaye akukho ntengiso yeemveliso zayo, ishiya abasebenzi abayi-7 kuphela ukuba bagade umzi-mveliso, kwaye bathengisa izixhobo zoomatshini abali-14 ukugcina. iindleko. Emva kokusekwa kweNew China, ngenkxaso yorhulumente wabantu, lo mzi-mveliso waphinda waqalisa ukuvelisa, yaye inani labasebenzi ngaloo nyaka landa ukusuka kwabasi-7 ukusa kwabangama-96 ukuqalisa kwawo. Emva koko, umzi-mveliso wavuma ukusetyenzwa kwezinto kwiNkampani yeShenyang Hardware Machinery, kwaye imveliso yathatha inkangeleko entsha. Inani labasebenzi linyuke laya kuma-329, kunye nemveliso yonyaka yeeseti ezingama-610 zeevalvu ezahlukeneyo, kunye nexabiso lemveliso ye-yuan eyi-830,000. Kwangelo xesha linye eShanghai, kungekuphela nje amashishini abucala awayevelise iivalvu kwakhona, kodwa ngokubuyela kuqoqosho lwelizwe, inani elikhulu lamashishini amancinci abucala avulwa okanye atshintshelwa kwiivalvu zokuvelisa, nto leyo eyenza ukuba umbutho woMbutho woKwakha izixhobo zezixhobo zombane zivulwe. elo xesha anda ngokukhawuleza.
2. Ukuthenga kunye nokuthengisa okudibeneyo, ukulungelelanisa ukuveliswa kwe-valve
Ngenani elikhulu lamashishini abucala ajika abe yimveliso yevalvu, i-original Shanghai Construction Hardware Association ayikwazanga ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zophuhliso. Ngo-1951, abavelisi bevalvu baseShanghai baseka amashishini ama-6 adibeneyo ukwenza umsebenzi wokusetyenzwa kunye nokuodola kwiSikhululo sokuThenga sokuThenga saseShanghai seNkampani yoShishino lweHardware yaseChina, nokuphumeza ukuthenga nokuthengisa okumanyeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, i-Daxin Iron Works, eyenza umsebenzi weevalvu ezinkulu ezisezantsi, kunye neYuanda, Zhongxin, Jinlong kunye neLianggong Machinery Factory, eyenza ukuveliswa kweevalve eziphezulu kunye neziphakathi, zonke zixhaswa yi-Shanghai. I-Bureau kaMasipala yeziSebenzi zoLuntu, iSebe loShishino lwaseMpuma China kunye neCentral Fuel. Phantsi kwesikhokelo soLawulo lwePetroleum yoMphathiswa wezoShishino, imiyalelo ethe ngqo iyaphunyezwa, emva koko ijike kwii-odolo zokucubungula. URhulumente waBantu uye wanceda amashishini abucala ukuba anqobe ubunzima kwimveliso kunye neentengiso ngokusebenzisa umgaqo-nkqubo wokuthenga kunye nentengiso edibeneyo, ekuqaleni watshintsha isiphithiphithi sezoqoqosho kumashishini abucala, kwaye waphucula umdla wemveliso wabanini bamashishini kunye nabasebenzi, abasemva kakhulu kubuchwepheshe, izixhobo. kunye neemeko zefektri Phantsi kweemeko, unikeze inani elikhulu leemveliso zevalve kumashishini abalulekileyo afana nezityalo zamandla, izityalo zetsimbi kunye neendawo zeoli ukuze ziphinde ziqalise ukuvelisa.
3. Uphuhliso lokubuyiselwa kweenkonzo zolwakhiwo loqoqosho lwesizwe
Kwisicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu yokuqala, urhulumente uchonge iiprojekthi zokwakha eziphambili ezili-156, apho ukubuyiselwa kweYumen Oil Field kunye nemveliso yeAnshan Iron neSteel Company ziziiprojekthi ezimbini ezinkulu. Ukuze kuqaliswe kwakhona imveliso eYumen Oilfield ngokukhawuleza, i-Petroleum Administration Bureau ye-Ofisi yoMphathiswa we-Fuel Industry iququzelele ukuveliswa koomatshini be-petroleum e-Shanghai. I-Shanghai Jinlong Hardware Factory kunye nabanye baye benza umsebenzi wokuvavanya ukuvelisa ibhetshi yeevalvu zentsimbi ezinoxinzelelo oluphakathi. Kuyacingeleka ukuba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wobunzima bokuvelisa iivalvu zoxinzelelo oluphakathi eziveliswa ziifektri ezincinci zohlobo locweyo. Ezinye iintlobo zinokuxeliswa kuphela ngokweesampuli ezibonelelwa ngabasebenzisi, kwaye izinto zokwenyani zihlolwe kwaye zenziwe imephu. Kuba umgangatho wentsimbi yentsimbi ubunganelanga ngokwaneleyo, umzimba wevalvu yentsimbi yokuqala kwafuneka utshintshwe ube yifogi. Ngelo xesha, kwakungekho kufa kwe-drilling kwi-oblique ye-hole processing ye-globe valve body, ngoko ke yayinokubholwa ngesandla kuphela, kwaye emva koko ilungiswe ngumgcini. Emva kokoyisa ubunzima obuninzi, ekugqibeleni siye saphumelela ekuvelisweni kovavanyo lwe-NPS3/8 ~ NPS2 ivalve yentsimbi yoxinzelelo oluphakathi kunye neevalvu zeglowubhu, ezamkelwa kakuhle ngabasebenzisi. Kwisiqingatha sesibini se-1952, i-Shanghai Yuanta, i-Zhongxin, i-Weiye, i-Lianggong kunye nezinye iifektri zathatha umsebenzi wokuvelisa ulingo kunye nokuveliswa kweentsimbi zentsimbi ye-petroleum. Ngelo xesha, i-designs kunye nemigangatho yeSoviet yayisetyenziswa, kwaye amagcisa afunda ngokwenza, kwaye anqobe ubunzima obuninzi kwimveliso. Imveliso yovavanyo lwe-Shanghai cast iron valves yaququzelelwa nguMphathiswa wePetroleum, kwaye yafumana intsebenziswano yeefektri ezahlukeneyo eShanghai. I-Asia Factory (ngoku i-Shanghai Machine Repair Factory) ibonelele ngeentsimbi zentsimbi ezihlangabezana neemfuno, kunye ne-Sifang Boiler Factory incedise ekuqhumeni. Uvavanyo ekugqibeleni luphumelele kwimveliso yovavanyo lweprototype yevalve yentsimbi, kwaye kwangoko yaququzelela imveliso yobuninzi kwaye yathumela eYumen Oilfield ukuze isetyenziswe ngexesha. Kwangaxeshanye, iShenyang Chengfa Iron Works kunye neShanghai Daxin Iron Works nayo ibonelelweiivalve zoxinzelelo oluphantsikunye nobukhulu obuncinci bendawo yombane, i-Anshan Iron kunye neNkampani yeNsimbi ukuze iqalise imveliso kunye nokwakhiwa kwedolophu.
Ngexesha lokubuyiselwa koqoqosho lwelizwe, ishishini levalvu yelizwe lam liye lakhula ngokukhawuleza. Ngo-1949, ukuphuma kwevalvu yaba yi-387t kuphela, eyanyuka yaya kutsho kwi-1015t ngo-1952. Ngokobuchwephesha, ikwazile ukwenza iivalvu zentsimbi kunye ne-low-pressure valves ezinkulu, ezingaboneleli nje ngeevalvu ezihambelanayo zokubuyisela uqoqosho lwesizwe, kodwa. kwakhona ubeke isiseko esilungileyo kuphuhliso lwexesha elizayo kushishino lwevalvu yaseTshayina.
02Ushishino lwevalvu luqalile
Ngo-1953, ilizwe lam laqalisa isicwangciso salo sokuqala seminyaka emihlanu, kwaye amacandelo emizi-mveliso afana nepetroleum, ishishini lemichiza, isinyithi, amandla ombane kunye namalahle onke alenyusa isantya sophuhliso. Ngeli xesha, imfuno yeevalvu iphindaphindwa. Ngelo xesha, nangona kwakukho inani elikhulu lemizi-mveliso emincinane yabucala evelisa izivalo, amandla azo obugcisa ayebuthathaka, izixhobo zazo zaziphelelwe lixesha, imizi-mveliso yazo yayilula, izikali zazo zazincinane kakhulu, yaye zazithe saa kakhulu. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zophuhliso olukhawulezayo loqoqosho lwesizwe, iSebe Lokuqala loShishino loShishino (olubizwa ngokuba liCandelo loBuphathiswa bokuQala booMatshini) liyaqhubeka nokulungelelanisa nokuguqula amashishini abucala oqobo kunye nokwandisa imveliso yevalvu. Ngexesha elifanayo, kukho izicwangciso kunye namanyathelo okwakha i-backbone kunye ne-valve engundoqo. Ishishini, ishishini levalvu yelizwe lam laqala ukuqalisa.
1. Ukuhlengahlengiswa koshishino lwevalvu yesibini eShanghai
Emva kokusekwa kweNew China, iQela liphumeze umgaqo-nkqubo "wokusetyenziswa, ukuthintela kunye nokuguqulwa" kumashishini ongxowankulu kunye norhwebo.
Kwafumaniseka ukuba kukho iifektri zevalvu ezincinci ezingama-60 okanye ezingama-70 eShanghai. Eyona mikhulu kule mizi-mveliso yayinabantu abangama-20 ukuya kwabangama-30 kuphela, yaye eyona incinane yayinabantu abambalwa. Nangona ezi mveliso zevalve zivelisa iivalve, itekhnoloji kunye nolawulo lwabo lusemva kakhulu, izixhobo kunye nezakhiwo zefektri zilula, kwaye iindlela zokuvelisa zilula. Abanye banelathesi enye okanye ezimbini ezilula okanye izixhobo zoomatshini bebhanti, kwaye kukho kuphela iziko ezikroliweyo zokuphosa, uninzi lwazo zisebenza ngesandla. , ngaphandle kokukwazi ukuyila kunye nezixhobo zokuvavanya. Le meko ayifanelekanga kwimveliso yanamhlanje, kwaye ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezicwangcisiweyo zokuvelisa zombuso, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukulawula umgangatho weemveliso zevalve. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, uRhulumente waBantu kaMasipala waseShanghai wenze intsebenziswano kunye nabavelisi bevalvu eShanghai, kwaye waseka iShanghai Pipeline Switches No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, No. amashishini aphakathi. Ukudibanisa oku kungasentla, ulawulo oluphakathi ngokwemigaqo yobuchwepheshe kunye nomgangatho, olumanyanisa ngokufanelekileyo ulawulo oluthe saa kunye nolunesiphithiphithi, ngaloo ndlela luhlanganisa kakhulu umdla woninzi lwabasebenzi bokwakha usoshiyali, olu luhlengahlengiso olukhulu lokuqala loshishino lwevalvu.
Emva kwentsebenziswano karhulumente-yabucala ngo-1956, ishishini levalvu eShanghai lenze uhlengahlengiso lwesibini kunye nohlengahlengiso lwemizi-mveliso ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, kwaye iinkampani zobungcali ezifana neShanghai Construction Hardware Company, iPetroleum Machinery Parts Manufacturing Company kunye neGeneral Machinery Company zasekwa. Inkampani yevalve ekuqaleni eyayinxulumene noshishino lwezixhobo zokwakha iseke iYuanda, Rongfa, Zhongxin, Weiye, Jinlong, Zhao Yongda, Tongxin, Fuchang, Wang Yingqi, Yunchang, Dehe, Jinfa, kunye neXie ngokwengingqi. Kukho malunga nama-20 emizi-mveliso esembindini eDalian, eYuchang, eDeda, njalo njalo. Isebe leqela kunye nomanyano lwabasebenzi oluhlangeneyo lwasekwa kumzi-mveliso osembindini. Urhulumente wabela abameli bakawonke-wonke ukuba bongamele umsebenzi wolawulo, aze amisele imibutho yemveliso, ukubonelela, kunye neyoshishino lwemali ngokungqinelanayo, waza ngokuthe ngcembe wasebenzisa iindlela zokulawula ezifana namashishini karhulumente. Kwangaxeshanye, ummandla waseShenyang udibanise iifektri ezincinci ezingama-21 kwiChengfaIvalve yeSangoUmzi-mveliso. Ukusukela ngoko, urhulumente uye wazisa imveliso yamashishini amancinci naphakathi kumkhondo wocwangciso wesizwe ngokusebenzisa ii-arhente zolawulo kuwo onke amanqanaba, kwaye ucwangcise kwaye waququzelela ukuveliswa kweevalvu. Olu lutshintsho kulawulo lwemveliso yamashishini evalvu ukususela ekusekweni kweNew China.
2. I-Shenyang General Machinery Factory itshintshelwe kwimveliso yevalvu
Ngaxeshanye njengoko kuhlengahlengiswa abavelisi bevalvu eShanghai, iSebe Lokuqala loomatshini lahlulahlula imveliso yeemveliso zomzi-mveliso ngamnye onxibelelene ngokuthe ngqo, laza lacacisa ulwalathiso lwemveliso yobungcali yeefektri ezisebenzisana ngokuthe ngqo kunye neefektri ezinkulu zasekuhlaleni eziphantsi korhulumente. IShenyang General Machinery Factory yaguqulwa yaba ngumvelisi wevalvu yobungcali. ishishini. Umanduleli walo mzi-mveliso yayiyi-ofisi yeshishini eliyinkunzi kuzwelonke kunye nomzi-mveliso waseJapan wobuzenzisi weDechang. Emva kokusekwa kweNew China, umzi-mveliso uvelisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini kunye nokudityaniswa kwemibhobho. Ngowe-1953, yaqalisa ukuvelisa oomatshini bokuplanga. Ngowe-1954, xa yayiphantsi ngokuthe ngqo kwiZiko lokuQala loBulungiseleli booMatshini, yayinabasebenzi abali-1 585 neeseti ezili-147 zoomatshini nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo. Kwaye inamandla okuvelisa intsimbi, kwaye amandla obugcisa anamandla. Ukusukela ngo-1955, ukuze ihambelane nophuhliso lwesicwangciso sesizwe, iye yatshintshela ngokucacileyo kwimveliso yevalvu, yakha ngokutsha intsimbi yokuqala, indibano, isixhobo, ukulungiswa koomatshini kunye neendibano zocweyo zokugalela intsimbi, yakha iworkshop entsha yeriveting kunye newelding, yaza yaseka ilabhoratri esembindini kunye nesikhululo sokuqinisekisa i-metrological. Abanye abachwephesha batshintshwa besuka kwi-Shenyang Pump Factory. Ngowe-1956, 837t yeiivalve zoxinzelelo oluphantsizaveliswa, kunye nokuveliswa kobunzima beevalvu eziphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphakathi lwaqala. Kwi-1959, i-4213t yeevalvu zaveliswa, kubandakanywa ne-1291t ye-high and medium pressure valves. Ngo-1962, yathiywa ngokuba yiShenyang High kunye neMedium Pressure Valve Factory kwaye yaba yenye yamashishini amakhulu omqolo kushishino lwevalvu.
3. Uvuthondaba lokuqala lokuveliswa kwevalvu
Kwiintsuku zokuqala zokusekwa kweNew China, imveliso yevalvu yelizwe lam yasonjululwa ikakhulu yintsebenziswano kunye namadabi. Kwixesha “lokuMtsibela Phambili Okukhulu”, ushishino lwevalvu yelizwe lam luye lwafumana uvuthondaba lwalo lokuqala lwemveliso. Imveliso yeValve: 387t ngo-1949, 8126t ngo-1956, 49746t ngo-1959, 128.5 umphinda-phinde ngo-1949, kunye ne-6.1 ngokuphindwe ka-1956 xa intsebenziswano karhulumente-yabucala yasekwa. Ukuveliswa kweevalvu eziphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphakathi kwaqala emva kwexesha, kwaye imveliso yobuninzi yaqala ngo-1956, kunye nemveliso yonyaka ye-175t. Ngo-1959, imveliso yafikelela kwi-1799t, eyayiyi-10.3 ngokuphindwe ka-1956. Ngo-1955, iShanghai Lianggong Valve Factory yavelisa ngempumelelo ivalve yomthi weKrismesi yeYumen Oilfield; I-Shanghai Yuanda, i-Zhongxin, i-Weiye, i-Rongfa kunye nezinye iifektri zoomatshini eziveliswe ngovavanyo lwentsimbi etyhidiweyo, i-valve yentsimbi ephakathi kunye ne-high-pressure valves kunye noxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwamasimi e-oyile kunye nezityalo zesichumisi I-valve yesichumisi esiphezulu se-PN160 kunye ne-PN320; I-Shenyang General Machinery Factory kunye ne-Suzhou Iron Factory (umanduleli we-Suzhou Valve Factory) ivelise ngempumelelo iivalvu zoxinzelelo oluphezulu kumzi-mveliso wezichumisi weJilin Chemical Industry Corporation; I-Shenyang Chengfa Iron Factory ivelise ngempumelelo ivalve yesango yombane kunye nobukhulu obuqhelekileyo be-DN3000. Yayiyeyona ivelufa inkulu kwaye inzima eTshayina ngelo xesha; I-Shenyang General Machinery Factory ivelise ngempumelelo i-valve ye-ultra-high kunye nobukhulu begama le-DN3 ~ DN10 kunye noxinzelelo lwe-PN1500 ~ PN2000 kwisixhobo sokuvavanya esiphakathi soxinzelelo lwe-polyethylene; I-Shanghai Daxin Iron Factory eveliswe kushishino lwesinyithi Ivalve yomoya oshushu ophezulu wobushushu kunye nobukhulu obuqhelekileyo be-DN600 kunye nevalve yeflue ye-DN900; I-Dalian Valve Factory, i-Wafangdian Valve Factory, njl.njl baye bafumana uphuhliso olukhawulezayo. Ukwanda kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuninzi beevalvu kukhuthaze uphuhliso loshishino lwevalvu. Ngokukodwa ngeemfuno zolwakhiwo lweshishini “lokuTyibilika Okukhulu”, iifektri zevalvu ezincinci neziphakathi ziye zavela kwilizwe lonke. Ngo-1958, amashishini emveliso yevalvu kazwelonke ayemalunga nekhulu, abumba iqela elikhulu lokuvelisa ivalvu. Ngo-1958, inani elipheleleyo leevalvu lenyuka laya kutsho kwi-24,163t, ukwanda kwe-80% ngaphezu kwe-1957; Ngeli xesha, imveliso yevalvu yelizwe lam yaba nencopho yayo yokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuqaliswa kwabavelisi be-valve, nayo yazisa uluhlu lweengxaki. Umzekelo: ukulandela ubuninzi kuphela, hayi umgangatho; "ukwenza amancinci kunye nokwenza ezinkulu, iindlela zasekhaya", ukungabikho kweemeko zobuchwepheshe; uyilo ngelixa usenza, ukunqongophala kweekhonsepthi ezisemgangathweni; ukukhuphela kunye nokukhuphela, kubangela ukudideka kobugcisa. Ngenxa yemigaqo-nkqubo yabo eyahlukileyo, nganye ineseti yeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Isigama seevalvu azifani kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye uxinzelelo lwegama kunye noluhlu lwesayizi yegama alufani. Ezinye iifektri zibhekisa kwimigangatho yeSoviet, ezinye zibhekisa kwimigangatho yaseJapan, kwaye ezinye zibhekisa kwimigangatho yaseMelika neyaseBrithani. Ukubhideka kakhulu. Ngokubhekiselele kwiindidi, iinkcukacha, imilinganiselo yokudibanisa, ubude besakhiwo, iimeko zovavanyo, imigangatho yovavanyo, amanqaku epeyinti, umzimba kunye neekhemikhali, kunye nomlinganiselo, njl njl. akuqinisekiswanga, imveliso ayiphakami, kwaye izibonelelo zoqoqosho aziphuculwanga. Imeko ngelo xesha "yayithe saa, isiphithiphithi, imbalwa, kwaye iphantsi", oko kukuthi, iifektri zevalve zithe saa kuyo yonke indawo, inkqubo yolawulo enesiphithiphithi, ukungabikho kwemigangatho yobugcisa obumanyeneyo kunye neenkcukacha, kunye nomgangatho ophantsi wemveliso. Ukwenzela ukubuyisela umva le meko, urhulumente wagqiba ekubeni aququzelele abasebenzi abafanelekileyo ukuba baqhube uphando lwemveliso yesizweivalveishishini.
4. Uvavanyo lokuqala lwesizwe lwemveliso yevalvu
Ukuze ufumane imeko yokuvelisa ivalvu, ngo-1958, i-Bureau yokuQala neyeSithathu yeSebe lokuQala loomatshini baququzelela uphando lwelizwe lokuvelisa i-valve. Iqela lophando laya kwimimandla ye-4 kunye nezixeko ze-24 eNyakatho-mpuma ye-China, eNyakatho ye-China, eMpuma ye-China kunye ne-Central South China ukwenza uphando olubanzi kwiifektri ze-valve ze-90. Olu luvavanyo lokuqala lwevalvu kwilizwe lonke ukusukela ekusekweni kwePeople's Republic of China. Ngelo xesha, uphando lugxile kubenzi bevalvu abanomlinganiselo omkhulu kunye neentlobo ezininzi kunye neenkcukacha, ezifana neShenyang General Machinery Factory, iShenyang Chengfa Iron Factory, iSuzhou Iron Factory, kunye neDalian Valve. Umzi-mveliso, i-Beijing Hardware Material Factory (umanduleli we-Beijing Valve Factory), i-Wafangdian Valve Factory, i-Chongqing Valve Factory, abavelisi abaninzi beevalve e-Shanghai kunye ne-Shanghai Pipeline Switch 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 kunye ne-6 yeefektri, njl.
Ngophando, iingxaki eziphambili ezikhoyo kwimveliso yevalvu ziye zafunyanwa ngokusisiseko:
I-1) Ukungabikho kokucwangciswa ngokubanzi kunye nolwahlulo olufanelekileyo lwabasebenzi, okubangelwa ukuveliswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokuchaphazela amandla okuvelisa.
2) Imigangatho yemveliso yevalve ayidityaniswanga, nto leyo ebangele ukuphazamiseka okukhulu ekukhetheni nasekugcinweni komsebenzisi.
I-3) Isiseko sokulinganisa kunye nomsebenzi wokuhlola sihlupheke kakhulu, kwaye kunzima ukuqinisekisa umgangatho weemveliso ze-valve kunye nokuveliswa kobuninzi.
Ekuphenduleni ezi ngxaki zingentla, iqela lophando labeka phambili amanyathelo amathathu kubaphathiswa kunye nama-bureaus, kubandakanywa ukomeleza ukucwangciswa ngokubanzi, ulwahlulo olunengqiqo lwabasebenzi, kunye nokulungelelanisa ibhalansi yemveliso kunye nentengiso; ukuqinisa umgangatho kunye nomsebenzi wokuhlola umzimba kunye neekhemikhali, ukuqulunqa imigangatho yevalvu edibeneyo; kunye nokwenza uphando lovavanyo. 1. Iinkokeli ze-Bureau yesi-3 zagxininisa ukubaluleka koku. Okokuqala, bagxile kumsebenzi wokulinganisa. Baphathise iMachinery Manufacturing Technology Research Institute ye-First Ministry of Machinery ukuba iququzelele abavelisi beevalvu ezifanelekileyo ukuba baqulunqe imigangatho yezincedisi zemibhobho ekhutshwe ngubulungiseleli, eyathi yaphunyezwa kushishino ngo-1961. iziko liqulunqe laza laprinta “Imanyuwali yoYilo lweValve”. Umgangatho wezixhobo zombhobho okhutshwe nguMphathiswa yibhetshi yokuqala yemigangatho yevalvu kwilizwe lam, kwaye "iManuwali yoYilo lweValve" yidatha yobugcisa bokuqala boyilo lwevalvu ehlanganiswe sithi, edlale indima entle ekuphuculeni inqanaba loyilo lwevalvu. iimveliso kwilizwe lam. Ngolu vavanyo lwesizwe, undoqo wophuhliso loshishino lwevalvu yelizwe lam kule minyaka ili-10 idlulileyo uye wafunyaniswa, kwaye amanyathelo asebenzayo nasebenzayo athathiweyo ukususa ngokupheleleyo umbhodamo wokuxelisa ukuveliswa kweevalvu kunye nokungabikho kwemigangatho. Itekhnoloji yokuvelisa yathatha inyathelo elikhulu phambili kwaye yaqala ukungena kwinqanaba elitsha lokuziqulunqa kunye nombutho wokuvelisa ubuninzi.
03 Isishwankathelo
Ukususela ngowe-1949 ukuya kutsho ngowe-1959, ilizwe lamivalveishishini lakhawuleza lachacha kubugqwirha baseTshayina yakudala kwaye yaqalisa ukuqalisa; ukusuka ekugcinweni, ukulinganisa ukuya kukwenza ngokwakhodUkubonisa kunye nokuveliswa, ukusuka ekwenziweni kweevalvu zoxinzelelo oluphantsi ukuya kwimveliso yoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphakathi, ekuqaleni lwenza ishishini lokuvelisa izivalo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwesantya semveliso, kukho iingxaki ezithile. Ekubeni ifakwe kwisicwangciso sesizwe, phantsi kolawulo oluphakathi lwe-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wokuQala oomatshini, unobangela wengxaki ufunyenwe ngophando kunye nophando, kunye nezisombululo ezisebenzayo nezisebenzayo kunye namanyathelo athathiweyo ukwenzela ukuba imveliso yevalve ihlale iphezulu. kunye nesantya sokwakhiwa koqoqosho lwesizwe, kunye nophuhliso loshishino lwevalvu. Kwaye ukusekwa kwemibutho yoshishino kuye kwabeka isiseko esihle.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-27-2022
