Iqhutywa licebo "le-dual carbon", amashishini amaninzi enze indlela ecacileyo yokonga amandla kunye nokunciphisa i-carbon. Ukuqonda ukungathathi cala kwe-carbon akwahlulwanga nokusetyenziswa kweteknoloji ye-CCUS. Ukusetyenziswa okuthe ngqo kweteknoloji ye-CCUS kubandakanya ukubanjwa kwe-carbon, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokugcinwa kwe-carbon, njl. Olu luhlu lwezicelo zobuchwepheshe ngokwendalo lubandakanya ukuthelekiswa kweevalvu. Ngokwembono yamashishini anxulumeneyo kunye nezicelo, uphuhliso lwexesha elizayo Ithemba lifanele ukuqwalaselwa yi-ivalvuimboni.
1. Ingcamango yeCCUS kunye nochungechunge lweshishini
Ingcamango ye-A.CCUS
I-CCUS isenokuba ayiqhelekanga okanye ayiqhelekanga kubantu abaninzi. Ke ngoko, ngaphambi kokuba siqonde impembelelo ye-CCUS kushishino lweevalvu, makhe sifunde nge-CCUS kunye. I-CCUS sisifinyezo sesiNgesi (iCarbon Capture, Utilization and Storage)
Ikhonkco leshishini le-B.CCUS.
Lonke uthotho lweshishini le-CCUS luquka ikakhulu amakhonkco amahlanu: umthombo wokukhupha umbane, ukubanjwa, ukuthuthwa, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokugcinwa, kunye neemveliso. Amakhonkco amathathu okubanjwa, ukuthuthwa, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokugcinwa anxulumene kakhulu nomzi-mveliso weevalvu.
2. Impembelelo yeCCUS kwiivalvuimboni
Iqhutywa kukungakhethi cala kwekhabhoni, ukuphunyezwa kokubanjwa kwekhabhoni kunye nokugcinwa kwekhabhoni kwi-petrochemical, amandla obushushu, intsimbi, isamente, ukushicilela kunye nezinye iimboni ezisezantsi kweshishini leevalvu kuya kwanda kancinci kancinci, kwaye kuya kubonisa iimpawu ezahlukeneyo. Iingenelo zeshishini ziya kukhutshwa kancinci kancinci, kwaye kufuneka siqwalasele ngokusondeleyo uphuhliso olufanelekileyo. Imfuno yeevalvu kwimizi-mveliso emihlanu elandelayo iya kwanda kakhulu.
A. Imfuno yeshishini le-petrochemical yeyokuqala ukugqamisa
Kuqikelelwa ukuba imfuno yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-petrochemical kwilizwe lam ngo-2030 imalunga ne-50 yezigidi zeetoni, kwaye iya kuncipha kancinci kancinci iye kwi-0 ngo-2040. Ngenxa yokuba amashishini e-petrochemical kunye neekhemikhali zezona ndawo ziphambili zokusetyenziswa kwe-carbon dioxide, kwaye ukubanjwa kokusetyenziswa kwamandla okuphantsi, iindleko zotyalo-mali kunye neendleko zokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa ziphantsi, ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji ye-CUSS kube yeyokuqala ukukhuthazwa kweli candelo. Ngo-2021, i-Sinopec iza kuqala ukwakhiwa kweprojekthi yokuqala ye-CCUS yezigidi zeetoni zaseTshayina, iprojekthi ye-Qilu Petrochemical-Shengli Oilfield CCUS. Emva kokuba le projekthi igqityiwe, iya kuba sisiseko esikhulu somboniso we-CCUS epheleleyo yeshishini eTshayina. Idatha ebonelelwe yi-Sinopec ibonisa ukuba isixa se-carbon dioxide esibanjwe yi-Sinopec ngo-2020 sifikelele kwi-1.3 yezigidi zeetoni, apho iitoni ezingama-300,000 ziya kusetyenziselwa ukukhukula intsimi yeoyile, nto leyo eye yafumana iziphumo ezilungileyo ekuphuculeni ukubuyiswa kweoyile ekrwada kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni.
B. Imfuno yeshishini lamandla obushushu iya kwanda
Ngokwemeko yangoku, imfuno yeevalvu kwishishini lamandla, ingakumbi kwishishini lamandla obushushu, ayinkulu kakhulu, kodwa phantsi koxinzelelo lwecebo "lekhabhoni ezimbini", umsebenzi wokunciphisa ikhabhoni kwizityalo zamandla ezisebenzisa amalahle uya usiba nzima ngakumbi. Ngokwengqikelelo yamaziko afanelekileyo: imfuno yombane yelizwe lam kulindeleke ukuba inyuke iye kwi-12-15 trillion kWh ngo-2050, kwaye iitoni ezingama-430-1.64 zeebhiliyoni zekhabhoni diokside kufuneka zincitshiswe ngetekhnoloji yeCCUS ukuze kufezekiswe ukukhutshwa okungekhoyo kwinkqubo yamandla. Ukuba isityalo samandla esisebenzisa amalahle sifakwa kwiCCUS, sinokubamba i-90% yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, okwenza kube yitekhnoloji yokuvelisa amandla aphantsi ekhabhoni. Ukusetyenziswa kweCCUS yindlela ephambili yobugcisa yokufezekisa ukuguquguquka kwenkqubo yamandla. Kule meko, imfuno yeevalvu ebangelwa kukufakwa kweCCUS iya kwanda kakhulu, kwaye imfuno yeevalvu kwimarike yamandla, ingakumbi imarike yamandla obushushu, iya kubonisa ukukhula okutsha, okufanelwe yingqwalasela yamashishini oshishino lweevalvu.
C. Imfuno yeshishini lesinyithi kunye nesinyithi iya kukhula
Kuqikelelwa ukuba imfuno yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya ngo-2030 iya kuba ziitoni ezingama-200 ezigidi ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-050 ezigidi ngonyaka. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukongeza ekusetyenzisweni nasekugcinweni kwekhabhoni diokside kwishishini lesinyithi, ingasetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kwinkqubo yokwenza isinyithi. Ukusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo ezi teknoloji kunokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya nge-5%-10%. Ngokwale mbono, imfuno yevalvu efanelekileyo kwishishini lesinyithi iya kudlula kwiinguqu ezintsha, kwaye imfuno iya kubonisa ukukhula okukhulu.
D. Imfuno yeshishini lesamente iya kukhula kakhulu
Kuqikelelwa ukuba imfuno yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya ngo-2030 iya kuba ziitoni ezili-100 lezigidi ukuya kwiitoni ezili-152 lezigidi ngonyaka, kwaye imfuno yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya ngo-2060 iya kuba ziitoni ezili-190 lezigidi ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-210 lezigidi ngonyaka. Ikhabhoni dioksayidi eveliswa kukubola kwelitye lekalika kwishishini lesamente ibandakanya malunga ne-60% yokukhutshwa komoya iyonke, ngoko ke i-CCUS yindlela efunekayo yokususa ukukhutshwa komoya kwishishini lesamente.
Imfuno yeshishini lamandla e-E.Hydrogen iya kusetyenziswa kakhulu
Ukukhupha i-hydrogen eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwi-methane kwigesi yendalo kufuna ukusetyenziswa kwenani elikhulu leevalvu, kuba amandla abanjwa kwinkqubo yokuveliswa kwe-CO2, ukubanjwa nokugcinwa kwekhabhoni (CCS) kuyimfuneko, kwaye ukuhanjiswa nokugcinwa kufuna ukusetyenziswa kwenani elikhulu leevalvu.
3. Iingcebiso kushishino lweevalvu
I-CCUS iya kuba nendawo ebanzi yophuhliso. Nangona ijongene nobunzima obahlukeneyo, ekuhambeni kwexesha, i-CCUS iya kuba nendawo ebanzi yophuhliso, into engathandabuzekiyo. Ishishini leevalvu kufuneka lihlale liqonda ngokucacileyo kwaye lilungiselele ngokwaneleyo oku. Kucetyiswa ukuba ishishini leevalvu lisebenzise ngokukhutheleyo amasimi anxulumene neshishini le-CCUS.
A. Ukuba nenxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwiiprojekthi zokubonisa zeCCUS. Ukuze iprojekthi yeCCUS iphunyezwe eTshayina, amashishini oshishino lweevalvu kufuneka athathe inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo ekuphunyezweni kweprojekthi ngokubhekiselele kubuchwepheshe kunye nophando kunye nophuhliso lwemveliso, aqukumbele amava kwinkqubo yokuthatha inxaxheba ekuphunyezweni kweprojekthi, kwaye enze amalungiselelo aneleyo okuveliswa kobuninzi obukhulu kunye nokuthelekiswa kweevalvu. Ubuchwepheshe, italente kunye nokugcinwa kwemveliso.
B. Gxila kulwakhiwo lwangoku lweshishini eliphambili le-CCUS. Gxila kushishino lwamandla amalahle apho kusetyenziswa khona iteknoloji yokubamba ikhabhoni yaseTshayina, kunye noshishino lwepetroleum apho indawo yokugcina ijoloji igxile khona ukuze kusetyenziswe iivalvu zeprojekthi ze-CCUS, kwaye kusetyenziswe iivalvu kwiindawo apho la mashishini akhoyo, njenge-Ordos Basin kunye ne-Junggar-Tuha Basin, eziziindawo ezibalulekileyo zokuvelisa amalahle. I-Bohai Bay Basin kunye ne-Pearl River Mouth Basin, eziziindawo ezibalulekileyo zokuvelisa ioyile negesi, ziseke ubudlelwane obusondeleyo namashishini afanelekileyo ukuze zisebenzise eli thuba.
C. Ukubonelela ngenkxaso-mali ethile kuphando lwetekhnoloji kunye nemveliso kunye nophuhliso lweevalvu zeprojekthi zeCCUS. Ukuze zikhokele kwicandelo leevalvu zeeprojekthi zeCCUS kwixesha elizayo, kucetyiswa ukuba iinkampani zoshishino zibekele bucala imali ethile kuphando nophuhliso, kwaye zinike inkxaso kwiiprojekthi zeCCUS ngokubhekiselele kuphando nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji, ukuze kudalwe imeko-bume elungileyo yoyilo lweshishini leCCUS.
Ngamafutshane, kushishino lweCCUS, kucetyiswa ukubaivalvuishishini liyaqonda ngokupheleleyo utshintsho olutsha lwemizi-mveliso phantsi kwesicwangciso "se-dual-carbon" kunye namathuba amatsha ophuhliso ahamba naso, lihambelane namaxesha, kwaye lifezekise uphuhliso olutsha kushishino!
Ixesha lokuthumela: Meyi-26-2022
