Imeko yophuhliso lweshishini leevalvu laseTshayina

Kutshanje, i-Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) ikhuphe ingxelo yayo yamva nje yembono yoqoqosho lwexesha eliphakathi. Le ngxelo ilindele ukuba ukukhula kwe-GDP yehlabathi kube yi-5.8% ngo-2021, xa kuthelekiswa noqikelelo lwangaphambili lwe-5.6%. Le ngxelo ikwaqikelela ukuba phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu e-G20, uqoqosho lwaseTshayina luya kukhula nge-8.5% ngo-2021 (xa kuthelekiswa noqikelelo lwe-7.8% ngoMatshi kulo nyaka). Ukukhula okuqhubekayo nokuzinzileyo kweqoqo loqoqosho lwehlabathi kuye kwakhokelela kuphuhliso lwamashishini eevalvu asezantsi afana neoyile negesi yendalo, umbane, unyango lwamanzi, ishishini leekhemikhali, kunye nokwakhiwa kwezixeko, okubangela uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lweshishini leevalvu kunye nomsebenzi omkhulu wemarike.

A. Imeko yophuhliso lweshishini leevalvu laseTshayina

Ngemizamo edibeneyo kunye nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha ngokuzimeleyo kwamashishini okuvelisa kunye namaqela ahlukeneyo, ishishini lokuvelisa izixhobo zeevalvu zelizwe lam kwiminyaka yakutshanje belikwiivalvu zenyukliya zesikhululo samandla enyukliya, iivalvu zebhola ezinkulu ezidityaniswe ngokupheleleyo zemibhobho yegesi yendalo ekude, iivalvu ezibalulekileyo zeeyunithi zamandla obushushu obuphezulu kakhulu, amasimi e-petrochemical, kunye namashishini ezikhululo zamandla. Ezinye iimveliso zeevalvu eziphezulu phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezikhethekileyo zenze inkqubela phambili, kwaye ezinye ziye zafikelela kwindawo, ezingathathelanga nje kuphela ukungenisa izinto kwamanye amazwe, kodwa zaphula ne-monopoly yamanye amazwe, ziqhuba utshintsho kunye nokuphucula ishishini kunye nenkqubela phambili yesayensi kunye netekhnoloji.

B. Ipateni yokhuphiswano kwishishini leevalvu laseTshayina

Ishishini lokuvelisa iivalvu laseTshayina linamandla aphantsi okuxoxisana neshishini lezinto eziluhlaza eziphezulu, inani elikhulu leemveliso zasekhaya ezikumgangatho ophantsi zikwinqanaba lokhuphiswano lwamaxabiso (ivalvu yebhabhathane ye-wafer,ivalvu yebhabhathane yelug, ivalvu yebhabhathane ejijekileyo,ivalvu yesango,ivalvu yokujonga,njl.) Kwaye amandla okuxoxisana kwishishini elisezantsi nawo awanelanga; ngokungena rhoqo kwemali yangaphandle, uphawu lwayo kunye neempawu zobuchwepheshe Ukungena kwemali yangaphandle kuya kuzisa izoyikiso ezinkulu kunye noxinzelelo kumashishini asekhaya; ukongeza, iivalvu luhlobo loomatshini ngokubanzi, kwaye iimveliso zoomatshini ngokubanzi zibonakaliswa kukuguquguquka okunamandla, ulwakhiwo olulula kunye nokusebenza okulula, okukhokelela ekubeni kube lula Ukuveliswa kokulinganisa kuya kubangela ukwakhiwa okuphindaphindwayo kwinqanaba eliphantsi kunye nokhuphiswano olungacwangciswanga kwimarike, kwaye kukho isoyikiso esithile sezinto ezithatha indawo.

C. Amathuba emarike yexesha elizayo yeevalvu

Iivalvu zokulawula (iivalvu ezilawulayo) zinamathuba abanzi okukhula. Ivalvu yokulawula, ekwaziwa ngokuba yivalvu elawulayo, yinxalenye yolawulo kwinkqubo yokuhambisa ulwelo. Inemisebenzi efana nokunqunyulwa, ukulawulwa, ukuphambuka, ukuthintela ukuhamba kwamanzi emva, ukuzinzisa ivolthi, ukuphambuka okanye ukunciphisa uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo. Yenye yezona zinto ziphambili zokwenza imveliso ngobuchule. Amasimi aquka ipetroliyam, ipetroliyam, iikhemikhali, ukwenza amaphepha, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, amandla, amandla ombane, ukumbiwa kwemigodi, isinyithi, amayeza, ukutya kunye neminye imizi-mveliso.

Ngokutsho kwe-"China Control Valve Market Research Report" ye-ARC, imakethi yevalvu yokulawula yasekhaya iya kudlula i-US$2 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2019, kunye nokunyuka konyaka okungaphezulu kwe-5%. Kulindeleke ukuba izinga lokukhula konyaka elidibeneyo libe yi-5.3% kwiminyaka emithathu ezayo. Imakethi yevalvu yokulawula okwangoku ilawulwa ziimpawu zangaphandle. Ngo-2018, u-Emerson wakhokela ivalvu yokulawula ephezulu ngesabelo semakethi se-8.3%. Ngokukhawuleziswa kokutshintshwa kwekhaya kunye nophuhliso lwemveliso ekrelekrele, abavelisi bevalvu yokulawula yasekhaya banamathuba amahle okukhula.

Ukutshintshwa kweevalvu ze-hydraulic ekhaya kuyakhawuleziswa. Izixhobo ze-hydraulic zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo zokuhamba, oomatshini bemizi-mveliso kunye nezixhobo ezinkulu. Amashishini asezantsi aquka oomatshini bokwakha, iimoto, oomatshini be-metallurgical, izixhobo zoomatshini, oomatshini bemigodi, oomatshini bezolimo, iinqanawa, kunye noomatshini bepetroleum. Iivalvu ze-hydraulic zezona zinto ziphambili ze-hydraulic. Ngo-2019, iivalvu ze-hydraulic zibize i-12.4% yexabiso lilonke lemveliso yezixhobo eziphambili ze-hydraulic zaseTshayina (i-Hydraulic Pneumatic Seals Industry Association), enobukhulu bemarike obumalunga ne-10 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan. Okwangoku, iivalvu ze-hydraulic eziphezulu zelizwe lam zixhomekeke ekungenisweni (ngo-2020, ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwevalvu ye-hydraulic transmission yelizwe lam yayizii-yuan ezingama-847 ezigidi, kwaye ukungeniswa ngaphandle kwakuphezulu njenge-yuan eziziibhiliyoni eziyi-9.049). Ngokukhawuleziswa kokutshintshwa kwekhaya, imakethi yeevalvu ze-hydraulic yelizwe lam ikhule ngokukhawuleza.