Zeziphi iziphene ezithanda ukufakwa kwivalvu?

1. I-stomata

Lo ngumgodi omncinci owenziwe yigesi ukuba inkqubo yokuqinisa isinyithi ayiphumi ngaphakathi kwintsimbi. Udonga lwayo lwangaphakathi luhamba kakuhle kwaye luqulethe i-gesi, ene-reflection ephezulu kwi-wave ye-ultrasonic, kodwa ngenxa yokuba i-spherical okanye i-ellipsoid ngokusisiseko, i-point defect, echaphazela ukubonakaliswa kwayo kwe-amplitude. Umngxuma womoya kwi-ingot uhlanjululwe kwindawo yesiphene emva kokuqulunqa okanye ukugoqa, okunenzuzo ukufunyanwa ngokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic.

2. Ukurhoxiswa kunye nomngxuma ovulekileyo

Xa i-casting okanye i-ingot ipholile kwaye iqiniswe, umthamo kufuneka unciphise, kwaye i-defect egobileyo ayinakuncediswa yintsimbi yamanzi. Iivovities ezinkulu kunye nezigxininisiweyo zibizwa ngokuba yimingxuma yokunciphisa, kwaye i-voids encinci kunye ne-scattered ibizwa ngokuba yi-loose. Ngenxa yomthetho wokwandiswa kwe-thermal kunye nokucutha okubandayo, umngxuma wokucutha unyanzelekile ukuba ubekho, kodwa kukho iimilo ezahlukeneyo, ubungakanani kunye nezikhundla ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenzwa, kwaye iba sisiphene xa ifikelela kumzimba wokuphosa okanye ingot. Ukuba i-ingot ayiwunqumli umngxuma wokucutha ucoceke kwaye uyizise kwiindawo zokubumba, iya kuba ngumngxuma wokucutha oshiyekileyo (umngxuma wokushwabana oshiyekileyo, umbhobho wokucutha oshiyekileyo).

3. I-Clip slag

I-slag kwinkqubo yokunyibilikisa okanye i-refractory kumzimba wesithando somlilo ikhupha kwintsimbi engamanzi, kwaye itsalwe kwi-casting okanye i-ingot yensimbi xa igalela, yenza i-clamp clamp defect. I-Slag idla ngokungabikho yodwa, ihlala ixinene okanye isasazeke kubunzulu obahlukeneyo, iyafana neziphene zevolumu kodwa ihlala inomgca othile.

4. Ixutywe

Iimveliso zokusabela kwinkqubo yokunyibilikisa (ezifana ne-oxide, i-sulfide, njl.) -i-non-metallic inclusions, okanye into eyongezelelweyo yamacandelo athile kumacandelo esinyithi ayinyibiliki ngokupheleleyo kwaye ihlale yenze i-metal inclusions, njenge-high density, iindawo eziphezulu zokunyibilika-i-tungsten, i-molybdenum, njl.

5. Thetha ngamazwi

Ukwahlula kwi-casting okanye i-ingot ikakhulu kubhekiselele kulwahlulo lwecandelo olwenziwe kulwabiwo olungalinganiyo lwamacandelo kwinkqubo yokunyibilikisa okanye inkqubo yokunyibilika kwesinyithi. Iimpawu zemishini yendawo kunye nokwahlula zihluke kwiimpawu zemishini ye-matrix yensimbi yonke, kwaye umehluko ngaphaya komgangatho ovumelekileyo uba sisiphene.

6. Ukwenza iintanda

Ukuqhekeka kokujula kubangelwa ikakhulu kuxinzelelo lokucutheka kokuqiniswa kwesinyithi okupholisa kudlula amandla okugqibela ezinto eziphathekayo, kunxulumene nobume boyilo lokuphosa kunye nenkqubo yokuphosa, kwaye inxulumene novakalelo lokuqhekeka kobunye ukungcola. izinto zetsimbi (ezifana nomxholo ophezulu wesulfure, i-brittleness ebandayo, umxholo ophezulu we-phosphorus, njl.). Kwi-spindle, kuya kubakho iintanda kwi-crystal shaft, kwaye kwi-billet forging elandelayo, iya kuhlala kwi-forging njenge-crack yangaphakathi ye-forging.

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