A i-stopcockivalvu [1] yivalvu ethe tye evuleka kwaye ivale ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ikwasetyenziswa rhoqo kwimidiya enamaqhekeza axhonyiweyo ngenxa yesiphumo sokusula sokuhamba phakathi kwemiphezulu yesivalo sesikrufu kunye nokhuseleko olupheleleyo ekudibaneni nesixhobo esihambayo xa sivuliwe ngokupheleleyo. Olunye uphawu olubalulekileyo kukuba kulula ukuziqhelanisa nolwakhiwo lweendlela ezininzi, ukuze ivalvu enye ifumane iindlela ezimbini, ezintathu, okanye ezine ezahlukeneyo zokuhamba. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuyila inkqubo yepayipi, kunciphisa inani leevalvu ezisetyenzisiweyo, kwaye kunciphisa ezinye zezixhobo ezifunekayo kwizixhobo.
Indlela esebenza ngayo iiValve kunyei-stopcockimizimba enemingxunya edlulayo njengeendawo zokuvula nokuvala. Umzimba weplagi ujikeleza ngesiqu [2] ukuze kufezekiswe isenzo sokuvula nokuvala. Ivalvu encinci, engafakwanga, iplagi ikwaziwa ngokuba yi "cocker". Umzimba weplagi yevalvu yeplagi ikakhulu yikhowuni (kukwakho nomzimba osicaba), ohambelana nomphezulu we-orifice we-valve yomzimba ukwenza isibini sokutywina. Ivalvu yeplagi lolona hlobo lokuqala lwevalvu olusetyenzisiweyo, olunesakhiwo esilula, ukuvulwa nokuvalwa okukhawulezayo, kunye nokumelana nolwelo oluphantsi. Iivalvu zeplagi eziqhelekileyo zixhomekeke kunxibelelwano oluthe ngqo phakathi komzimba weplagi yesinyithi ogqityiweyo kunye nomzimba wevalvu ukuze zitywinwe, ngoko ke ukutywinwa akukuhle, amandla okuvula nokuvala makhulu, kulula ukuwanxiba, kwaye adla ngokusetyenziswa kuphela kwiimeko zoxinzelelo oluphantsi (olungadluli kwi-1 megapascal) kunye nobubanzi obuncinci (ngaphantsi kwe-100 mm).
Cyenza ihlazo
Ngokwemo yesakhiwo, ingahlulwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezine: ivalvu yeplagi eqinileyo, ivalvu yeplagi ezivalayo, ivalvu yeplagi kunye nevalvu yeplagi efakwe ioyile. Ngokwemo yetshaneli, ingahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezintathu: ivalvu yeplagi ethe tye, ivalvu yestopcock eneendlela ezintathu kunye nevalvu yeplagi eneendlela ezine. Kukwakho neevalvu zeplagi yetyhubhu.
Iivalvu zeeplagi zihlulwe ngokwendlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo kuquka: iivalvu zeeplagi ezithambileyo, iivalvu zeeplagi eziqinileyo ezithanjiswe ngeoyile, iivalvu zeeplagi zepoppet, iivalvu zeeplagi ezineendlela ezintathu kunye neevalvu ezineendlela ezine.
Iingenelo
1. Ivalvu yeplagi isetyenziselwa ukusebenza rhoqo, kwaye ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwayo kuyakhawuleza kwaye kukhaphukhaphu.
2. Ukumelana kolwelo lwevalvu yeplagi kuncinci.
3. Ivalvu yeplagi inesakhiwo esilula, incinci ngobukhulu, ilula kwaye kulula ukuyilungisa.
4. Ukusebenza kakuhle kokutywina.
5. Ayithintelwanga yindlela yokufaka, kwaye indlela yokuhamba kwesixhobo esiphakathi inokuba yinto engacwangciswanga.
6. Akukho kungcangcazela, ingxolo ephantsi.
Iivalvu zesango ezitywiniweyo ezithambileyo
Ivalvu yesango lesitywino esithambileyo, ivalvu yemizi-mveliso, ivalvu yesango lesitywino esithambileyo yokuvula nokuvala ziinkunzi, icala lentshukumo yeram lithe nkqo kwicala lolwelo, ivalvu yesango inokuvuleka kwaye ivalwe ngokupheleleyo kuphela, ayinakulungiswa kwaye iqhotyiswe. Iram ineendawo ezimbini zokutywina, ivalvu yesango yemowudi esetyenziswa kakhulu iindawo ezimbini zokutywina zenza i-wedge, i-engile ye-wedge iyahluka ngokweeparamitha zevalvu, ububanzi obuqhelekileyo yi-DN50 ~ DN1200, ubushushu bokusebenza: ≤200°C.
Umgaqo wemveliso
Ipleyiti yesango le-wedgeivalvu yesangoIngenziwa ibe yinto epheleleyo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-rigid gate; Ingenziwa ibe yi-ram enokuvelisa ukuguquguquka okuncinci ukuphucula ukwenziwa kwayo kwaye ilungise ukuphambuka kwe-sealing surface angle kwinkqubo yokucubungula, ebizwa ngokuba yi-elastic ram.
Itywina elithambileyoiivalvu zesangozahlulwe zibe ziintlobo ezimbini: intonga evulekileyoivalvu yesango lesitywino esithambileyokunye netywina elithambileyo lentonga emnyamaivalvu yesango. Ngokwesiqhelo kukho umsonto wetrapezoidal kwintonga yokuphakamisa, otshintsha intshukumo ejikelezayo ibe yintshukumo ethe tyaba nge-nut embindini we-ram kunye nomngxuma wesikhokelo emzimbeni wevalvu, oko kukuthi, i-torque yokusebenza iye kwindawo yokusebenza. Xa ivalvu ivuliwe, xa ukuphakama kwe-ram lift kulingana ne-1:1 ngokuphindwe ububanzi bevalvu, ukuhamba kolwelo akuthintelwanga ngokupheleleyo, kodwa le ndawo ayinakujongwa ngexesha lokusebenza. Ekusetyenzisweni kwayo, iphawulwa yi-vertex yesiqu, oko kukuthi, indawo engenakuvulwa, njengendawo yayo evulekileyo ngokupheleleyo. Ukuze kujongwe ukuvalelwa ngenxa yotshintsho lobushushu, idla ngokuvulelwa kwindawo ephezulu ize ibuyiselwe umva nge-1/2-1 turn njengendawo yevalvu evulekileyo ngokupheleleyo. Ke ngoko, indawo evulekileyo ngokupheleleyo yevalvu imiselwa yindawo ye-ram (oko kukuthi i-stroke). Olu hlobo lwevalvu kufuneka lufakwe ngokuthe tye kwipayipi.
Iimfuno eziQhelekileyo
1. Iinkcukacha kunye neendidi zeiivalvu zesango lokutywina elithambileyokufuneka bahlangabezane neemfuno zamaxwebhu oyilo lwemibhobho.
2. Imodeli yevalvu yesango elithambileyo kufuneka ibonise iimfuno zenombolo yomgangatho kazwelonke ngokwemigaqo yayo. Ukuba ngumgangatho weshishini, kufuneka kuboniswe inkcazo efanelekileyo yemodeli.
3. Uxinzelelo olusebenzayo lweivalvu yesango lesitywino esithambileyoifuna uxinzelelo olusebenzayo lwepayipi eliyi-≥, ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ixabiso, uxinzelelo olusebenzayo olunokuthwalwa yivalvu kufuneka lube lukhulu kunoxinzelelo olusebenzayo lwepayipi, kwaye naliphi na icala levalvu yesango lesitywino esithambileyo kufuneka likwazi ukumelana nexabiso loxinzelelo olusebenzayo lwevalvu ngokuphindwe kayi-1.1 ngaphandle kokuvuza;
4. Umgangatho wokuvelisa weivalvu yesango lesitywino esithambileyokufuneka ibonise inombolo yomgangatho wesizwe esekelwe kuyo, kwaye ukuba ngumgangatho weshishini, uxwebhu lweshishini kufuneka luqhotyoshelwe kwikhontrakthi yokuthenga.
Okwesibini, izinto zevalvu yesango lesitywino esithambileyo
1. Izinto ezikwi-valve yomzimba kufuneka zibe yintsimbi ephosiweyo, intsimbi ephosiweyo, intsimbi engatyiwayo, i-316L, kwaye kufuneka kuboniswe uluhlu kunye nedatha yovavanyo lokwenyani kunye nolwekhemikhali lwentsimbi ephosiweyo.
2. Izinto zesiqu kufuneka zisebenzele isiqu sentsimbi engagqwaliyo (2CR13), kwaye ivalvu enobubanzi obukhulu nayo kufuneka ibe yisiqu esifakwe intsimbi engagqwaliyo.
3. I-nut yenziwe nge-aluminium brass okanye i-aluminium bronze, kwaye ubunzima kunye namandla makhulu kunoko kwe-valve stem.
4. Ubunzima kunye namandla ezinto zokubopha isiqu akufuneki zibe nkulu kunobo besiqu sevalvu, kwaye akufuneki kubekho ukubola kwe-electrochemical kunye nesiqu sevalvu kunye nomzimba wevalvu phantsi kwemeko yokuntywiliselwa emanzini.
5. Izinto ezisetyenziswa kumphezulu wokutywina
(1) Iintlobo zesitywino esithambileyoivalvu yesangozahlukile, kwaye iindlela zokutywina kunye neemfuno zezinto ezibonakalayo zahlukile;
(2) Kwiivalvu zesango eliqhelekileyo, kufuneka kuchazwe izinto, indlela yokulungisa kunye nendlela yokugaya yeringi yobhedu;
(3) Idatha yovavanyo lwe-physicochemical kunye nococeko lwe-valve yesango elithambileyo kunye nezinto ze-valve plate lining;
6. Ukupakisha ishaft yevalvu
(1) Ngenxa yokuba isitywina esithambileyoivalvu yesangokwinethiwekhi yemibhobho kudla ngokuvulwa nokuvalwa okungafane kwenzeke, ukupakisha kufuneka kungasebenzi iminyaka eliqela, kwaye ukupakisha akugugi, kwaye isiphumo sokutywina sigcinwa ixesha elide;
(2) Ukupakisha iivalvu kufanele kube yinto ehlala ihleli xa ivulwa kwaye ivalwa rhoqo;
(3) Ngenxa yezi mfuno zingasentla, ukupakisha umngxuma wevalvu kuzama ukungatshintshwa ubomi bonke okanye ngaphezulu kweminyaka elishumi;
(4) Ukuba ukupakisha kufuneka kutshintshwe, uyilo lwevalvu yomoya kufuneka luqwalasele amanyathelo anokutshintshwa phantsi kwemeko yoxinzelelo lwamanzi.
Okwesithathu, indlela yokusebenza yesitywina esithambileyoivalvu yesango
3.1 Indlela yokuvula nokuvala ivalvu yesango elithambileyo ngexesha lokusebenza kufuneka ivalwe ngokwewotshi.
3.2 Ngenxa yokuba ivalvu yomoya kwinethiwekhi yemibhobho idla ngokuvulwa nokuvalwa ngesandla, inani leenguqu zokuvula nokuvala akufuneki libe lininzi kakhulu, oko kukuthi, ivalvu enobubanzi obukhulu nayo kufuneka ibe ngaphakathi kweenguqu ezingama-200-600.
3.3 Ukuze kube lula ukusebenza kokuvula nokuvala komntu omnye, i-torque ephezulu yokuvula nokuvala kufuneka ibe yi-240N-m phantsi koxinzelelo lombhobho.
3.4 Isiphelo sokuvula nokuvala kwevalvu yesango elithambileyo kufuneka sibe yi-tenon yesikwere, kwaye ubungakanani bufanele bube bufanayo, kwaye bujonge emhlabeni, ukuze abantu bakwazi ukusebenza ngokuthe ngqo emhlabeni. Iivalvu ezineediski zediski azifanelekanga ukusetyenziswa kwiinethiwekhi ezingaphantsi komhlaba.
Iphaneli yokubonisa ye-3.5 yenqanaba lokuvula nokuvala kwetywina elithambileyoivalvu yesango
(1) Uphawu lwesikali senqanaba lokuvula nokuvala kwevalvu yesango lesitywino esithambileyo kufuneka luphoswe kwisigqubuthelo sebhokisi yegiya okanye kwiqokobhe lediski yokubonisa emva kokutshintsha icala, zonke zijonge emhlabeni, kwaye uphawu lwesikali kufuneka lufakwe i-phosphors ukubonisa ukuba lunomtsalane;
(2) Izinto ezikwinaliti yediski yesalathisi zingenziwa ngepleyiti yentsimbi engagqwaliyo phantsi kwemeko yokulawulwa kakuhle, kungenjalo yipleyiti yentsimbi epeyintiweyo, kwaye akufuneki zenziwe ngesikhumba se-aluminium;
(3) Inaliti yediski yesalathisi inomtsalane, iqinile, xa uhlengahlengiso lokuvula nokuvala luchanekile, kufuneka itshixwe ngeerivethi.
3.6 Ukuba ivalvu yesango lesitywino esithambileyo inzulu kakhulu, kwaye umgama phakathi kwendlela yokusebenza kunye nephaneli yokubonisa kunye nomhlaba yi-≥1.5m, kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngesixhobo sentonga yokwandisa, kwaye kufuneka iqine ngokuqinileyo ukuze abantu bakwazi ukujonga nokusebenza besemhlabeni. Oko kukuthi, ukusebenza kokuvula nokuvala kwevalvu kwinethiwekhi yepayipi akufanelekanga ukusebenza phantsi komhlaba.
Okwesine, uvavanyo lokusebenza kwetywina elithambileyoivalvu yesango
4.1 Xa ivalvu yenziwe ngeebhetshi zeenkcukacha ezithile, umbutho onegunya kufuneka uphathiswe ukuvavanya ukusebenza okulandelayo:
(1) I-torque yokuvula nokuvala yevalvu phantsi kwemeko yoxinzelelo olusebenzayo;
(2) Phantsi kwemeko yoxinzelelo olusebenzayo, inokuqinisekisa amaxesha okuvula nokuvala aqhubekayoivalvuukuvala ngokuqinileyo;
(3) Ukufunyanwa komlinganiselo wokumelana nokuhamba kwevalvu phantsi kwemeko yokuthuthwa kwamanzi kwipayipi.
4.2 Iivalvukufuneka ivavanywe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo ngaphambi kokuba iphume efektri:
(1) Xa ivalvu ivuliwe, umzimba wevalvu kufuneka umelane novavanyo loxinzelelo lwangaphakathi oluphindwe kabini kunexabiso loxinzelelo lokusebenza lwevalvu;
(2) Xa ivalvu ivaliwe, omabini amacala anexabiso loxinzelelo olusebenzayo eliphindwe ka-1.1, kwaye akukho kuvuza, kodwa ixabiso lokuvuza kwevalvu yebhabhathane evalwe ngentsimbi alikho ngaphezu kweemfuno ezifanelekileyo.
Okwesihlanu, i-anti-corrosion yangaphakathi nangaphandle ye-valve yesango lesitywino esithambileyo
5.1 Ngaphakathi nangaphandle komzimba wevalvu (kubandakanya ibhokisi yokudlulisa isantya esiguquguqukayo), okokuqala, kufuneka kuqhunyiswe ngemipu, kususwe isanti kwaye kususwe umhlwa, kwaye i-epoxy resin engeyiyo ityhefu egutyiweyo kufuneka itshizwe ngombane, ibe nobukhulu obungaphezulu kwe-0.3mm. Xa kunzima ukutshiza i-epoxy resin engeyiyo ityhefu ngombane kwiivalvu ezinkulu kakhulu, ipeyinti ye-epoxy efanayo engeyiyo ityhefu nayo kufuneka ibhrashiwe kwaye itshizwe.
5.2 Ingaphakathi lomzimba wevalvu kunye nazo zonke iindawo zepleyiti yevalvu kufuneka zilwe ngokupheleleyo nokugqwala, kwelinye icala, aziyi kugqwala xa zifakwe emanzini, kwaye akuyi kubakho ukugqwala kwe-electrochemical phakathi kwezi metal zimbini; Okwesibini, umphezulu uthambile, ukuze ukumelana namanzi kunciphe.
5.3 Iimfuneko zococeko ze-epoxy resin okanye ipeyinti yokulwa nokugqwala emzimbeni wevalvu kufuneka zibe nengxelo yovavanyo evela kwigunya elifanelekileyo. Iipropati zeekhemikhali kunye nezomzimba nazo kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno ezifanelekileyo.
Ixesha leposi: Novemba-09-2024
