Abantu badla ngokucinga ukubaivalveyensimbi engenasici kwaye ayiyi kuhlwa. Ukuba kunjalo, inokuba yingxaki ngentsimbi. Le yingcamango ephosakeleyo kwicala elinye malunga nokungabikho kokuqonda kwensimbi engenasici, enokuthi ikwazi ukugqwala phantsi kweemeko ezithile.
Insimbi engenasici inamandla okuxhathisa i-oxidation ye-atmospheric-oko kukuthi, ukuxhathisa umhlwa, kwaye unakho ukubola kwimidiya equlethe i-asidi, i-alkali, kunye neetyuwa.-oko kukuthi, ukumelana nomhlwa. Nangona kunjalo, ubungakanani bekhono layo lokuchasana ne-corrosion litshintshwa kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali zentsimbi yayo ngokwayo, imeko yokukhusela, iimeko zokusetyenziswa kunye nohlobo lweendaba zokusingqongileyo.
Intsimbi engatyiwa idla ngokuhlulwa ibe:
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngokwesakhiwo se-metallographic, isinyithi esiqhelekileyo esingenasici sahlulwe sibe ngamacandelo amathathu: i-austenitic stainless steel, i-ferritic stainless steel, kunye ne-martensitic stainless steel. Ngokwesiseko sezi zakhiwo zintathu ze-metallographic ezisisiseko, kwiimfuno kunye neenjongo ezithile, iintsimbi zesigaba sesibini, i-precipitation-hardening steels stainless steels kunye ne-high-alloy steels kunye nomxholo wensimbi ongaphantsi kwama-50%.
1. Austenitic steel stainless.
I-matrix ilawulwa yisakhiwo se-austenite (isigaba se-CY) sobuso-centered cubic crystal structure, i-non-magnetic, kwaye iqiniswa ngokukodwa ngokusebenza okubandayo (kwaye kunokukhokelela kwiimpawu ezithile zamagnetic) insimbi engenasici. I-American Iron and Steel Institute yonyulwa ngamanani kwi-200 kunye ne-300 series, njenge-304.
2. Ferritic steel stainless.
I-matrix yi ilawulwa yi-ferrite structure ((isigaba) somzimba-centered body-centered cubic crystal structure, enemagnethi kwaye ngokubanzi ayinako ukuqina ngonyango lobushushu, kodwa inokomelezwa kancinci kukusebenza okubandayo.I American Iron and Steel Institute iphawulwe nge 430 kunye ne446.
3. Martensitic steel stainless.
I-matrix yisakhiwo se-martensitic (i-cubic egxilwe ngumzimba okanye i-cubic), i-magnetic, kunye neempawu zayo zomatshini zingatshintshwa ngonyango lokushisa. I-American Iron and Steel Institute ityunjwe ngamanani 410, 420 kunye ne-440. I-Martensite inesakhiwo se-austenite kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, kwaye xa ipholile kwiqondo lokushisa kwiqondo elifanelekileyo, isakhiwo se-austenite sinokuguqulwa sibe yi-martensite (oko kukuthi, lukhuni). .
4. I-Austenitic-ferritic (duplex) insimbi engenasici.
I-matrix inezo zombini i-austenite kunye ne-ferrite isakhiwo sesigaba sesibini, kwaye umxholo we-matrix yesigaba esingaphantsi ngokubanzi ungaphezulu kwe-15%. Inomagnetic kwaye inokomelezwa ngokusebenza okubandayo. I-329 yintsimbi eqhelekileyo ye-duplex. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-austenitic stainless steel, intsimbi ye-double-phase inamandla amakhulu, kwaye ukuchasana ne-intergranular corrosion kunye ne-chloride stress corrosion kunye ne-pitting corrosion iphuculwe kakhulu.
5. Imvula yenza lukhuni intsimbi engatyiwayo.
I-matrix yi-austenite okanye isakhiwo se-martensitic kwaye sinokuqiniswa ngokuqiniswa kwemvula. I-American Iron and Steel Institute iphawulwe ngenombolo ye-600 series, efana ne-630, eyi-17-4PH.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukongeza kwi-alloys, ukuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion ye-austenitic stainless steel intle kakhulu. Kwindawo engaphantsi kwe-corrosion, i-ferritic stainless steel ingasetyenziswa. Kwimeko-bume eyonakalisayo epholileyo, ukuba izinto ezifunekayo ukuba zibe phezulu Ukomelela okanye ukuqina okuphezulu, intsimbi ye-martensitic stainless kunye nemvula eqinile insimbi engenasici ingasetyenziswa.
Amanqanaba aqhelekileyo ensimbi engenasici kunye neempawu
01 304 intsimbi engatyiwa
Yenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ii-austenitic stainless steels. Ilungele ukwenziwa kweendawo ezitsalwa nzulu kunye nemibhobho yeasidi, izikhongozeli, iinxalenye zesakhiwo, imizimba yezixhobo ezahlukeneyo, njl njl.
02 304L intsimbi engatyiwa
Ukuze kusonjululwe ingxaki ye-ultra-low carbon austenitic steel stainless steel ephuhliswe ngenxa yemvula ye-Cr23C6 ebangela ukuthambekela okunzulu kwe-intergranular corrosion ye-304 stainless steel phantsi kweemeko ezithile, ukuxhathisa kwayo kwe-intergranular corrosion kubhetele kakhulu kunoko kwe-304 yentsimbi engenasici. Ngaphandle kwamandla asezantsi kancinci, ezinye iipropathi ziyafana ne-321 yentsimbi engenasici. Isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwizixhobo ezinganyangekiyo kumhlwa kunye namacandelo angenakulawulwa kunyango emva kwe-welding, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza imizimba yezixhobo ezahlukeneyo.
03 304H intsimbi engatyiwa
Isebe langaphakathi le-304 yensimbi engenasici ine-carbon mass fraction ye-0.04% -0.10%, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo okuphezulu kweqondo lokushisa kungcono kune-304 yensimbi engenasici.
04 316 iNtsimbi engatyiwa
Ukongeza i-molybdenum ngesiseko sentsimbi ye-10Cr18Ni12 yenza ukuba intsimbi ibe nokuchasana kakuhle ekunciphiseni i-corrosion ephakathi kunye ne-pitting. Kumanzi olwandle kunye neminye imithombo yeendaba, ukuxhathisa umhlwa kungcono kune-304 yentsimbi engatyiwayo, esetyenziswa ikakhulu kwizinto ezikwaziyo ukugoba.
05 316L intsimbi engatyiwa
Intsimbi yekhabhoni ephantsi kakhulu inokumelana kakuhle ne-intergranular corrosion kwaye ilungele ukwenziwa kweendawo ezidityanisiweyo kunye nezixhobo ezinobukhulu becandelo elishinyeneyo, njengezinto ezikwaziyo ukumelana nomhlwa kwizixhobo zepetrochemical.
06 316H intsimbi engatyiwa
Isebe langaphakathi le-316 yensimbi engenasici ine-carbon mass fraction ye-0.04% -0.10%, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo okuphezulu kweqondo lokushisa kungcono kunoko kwe-316 yensimbi engenasici.
07 317 intsimbi engatyiwa
Ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-pitting kunye nokumelana nokunyuka kubhetele kune-316L yensimbi engenasici, esetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwezixhobo ze-petrochemical kunye ne-organic acid enganyangekiyo.
08 321 iNsimbi eNgatyiwayo
I-Titanium-stabilized austenitic steel stainless steel, yongeza i-titanium ukuphucula i-intergranular corrosion resistance, kwaye ineempawu ezilungileyo zokushisa eziphezulu zokushisa, inokutshintshwa yintsimbi ye-ultra-low carbon austenitic stainless steel. Ngaphandle kwezihlandlo ezikhethekileyo ezifana nobushushu obuphezulu okanye ukuxhathisa kwe-hydrogen corrosion, ayikhuthazwa ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi.
09 347 intsimbi engatyiwa
I-Niobium-stabilized austenitic steel stainless steel, yongeza i-niobium ukuphucula ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion intergranular, ukuxhathisa ukubola kwi-asidi, i-alkali, ityuwa kunye nezinye izinto ezidliwayo ziyafana ne-321 yensimbi engenasici, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-welding, ingasetyenziswa njengezinto ezinganyangekiyo kunye ne-anti. -i-corrosion Intsimbi eshushu isetyenziswa ikakhulu kumandla obushushu kunye nemimandla yepetrochemical, efana nokwenza izikhongozeli, imibhobho, ukutshintshiselana ngobushushu, i-shafts, iityhubhu zesithando somlilo kwiziko zoshishino, kunye ne-thermometers yetyhubhu yomlilo.
10 904L iNtsimbi eNgatyiwayo
Intsimbi egqibeleleyo ye-austenitic egqibeleleyo luhlobo lwentsimbi egqwesileyo ye austenitic engatyiwa yintsimbi eyaqanjwa yi-OUTOKUMPU eFinland. Inokumelana ne-corrosion efanelekileyo kwii-asidi ezingenayo i-oxidizing ezifana ne-asidi ye-sulfuric, i-acetic acid, i-fomic acid kunye ne-asidi ye-phosphoric, kwaye inokumelana kakuhle ne-crevice corrosion kunye noxinzelelo lwe-corrosion resistance. Ifanelekile kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-asidi ye-sulfuric ngaphantsi kwe-70°C, kwaye inokumelana ne-corrosion efanelekileyo kwi-acetic acid kunye ne-asidi edibeneyo ye-asidi ye-formic kunye ne-acetic acid kuyo nayiphi na ingxinano kunye nobushushu phantsi koxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo.
11 440C intsimbi engenasici
Intsimbi ye-Martensitic inobulukhuni obuphezulu phakathi kweentsimbi ezingenasici kunye neentsimbi ezingenasici, ezinobunzima be-HRC57. Isetyenziswa kakhulu ukwenza imilomo, iibheringi,ibhabhathaneivalve iicores,ibhabhathaneivalve izihlalo, imikhono,ivalve iziqu, njl.
12 17-4PH intsimbi engenasici
Imvula ye-Martensitic eyenza lukhuni intsimbi engenakutyiwa ngokuqina kwe-HRC44 inamandla amakhulu, ukuqina kunye nokumelana nomhlwa kwaye ayinakusetyenziswa kumaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwama-300.°C. Inokumelana ne-corrosion efanelekileyo kwi-atmosfera kunye ne-asidi edibeneyo okanye ityuwa. Ukuxhathisa kwayo kwe-corrosion kuyafana ne-304 yensimbi engenasici kunye ne-430 yensimbi engenasici. Isetyenziselwa ukwenza amaqonga angaphesheya kolwandle, iiblade zeinjini yomoya,ibhabhathaneivalve (iintsimbi zevalvu, izitulo zevalvu, imikhono, iziqu zevalvu) whayi.
In ivalve uyilo kunye nokukhetha, iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, uthotho, kunye namabakala ensimbi engenasici zihlala zidibana. Xa ukhetha, ingxaki kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo kwiimbono ezininzi ezifana nenkqubo ethile yenkqubo, ubushushu, uxinzelelo, iindawo ezigxininisiweyo, ukubola kunye neendleko.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-20-2022
