Abantu badla ngokucinga ukubaivalvuyentsimbi engagqwaliyo kwaye ayizukugqwala. Ukuba iyagqwala, isenokuba yingxaki ngentsimbi. Le yingcamango ephosakeleyo ecala linye malunga nokungaqondi kakuhle ngentsimbi engagqwaliyo, enokugqwala phantsi kweemeko ezithile.
Intsimbi engatyiwayo inamandla okumelana ne-atmospheric oxidation—oko kukuthi, ukumelana nomhlwa, kwaye ikwanako nokubola kwiindawo eziqulethe ii-asidi, ii-alkalis, kunye neetyuwa—oko kukuthi, ukumelana nokugqwala. Nangona kunjalo, ubungakanani bobuchule bayo bokulwa nokugqwala buyatshintshwa ngokwendlela ekwakhiwe ngayo iikhemikhali zentsimbi yayo, imeko yokhuseleko, iimeko zokusetyenziswa kunye nohlobo lwemidiya yokusingqongileyo.
Intsimbi engagqwaliyo idla ngokwahlulwahlulwa ibe:
Ngokwesiqhelo, ngokwesakhiwo se-metallographic, intsimbi eqhelekileyo engagqwaliyo yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu: intsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-austenitic, intsimbi engagqwali ye-ferritic, kunye nentsimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic. Ngokusekelwe kwezi zakhiwo zithathu zesiseko se-metallographic, ngokweemfuno ezithile kunye neenjongo, iintsimbi zesigaba esibini, iintsimbi ezingagqwaliyo eziqinisa imvula kunye neentsimbi ezine-alloy ephezulu ezinomxholo wentsimbi ongaphantsi kwe-50%.
1. Intsimbi engenasici yase-Austenitic.
I-matrix ilawulwa yisakhiwo se-austenite (isigaba se-CY) sesakhiwo sekristale ye-cubic esijonge ubuso, esingengombane, kwaye siqiniswa kakhulu kukusebenza okubandayo (kwaye kunokukhokelela kwiipropati ezithile zemagnethi) intsimbi engagqwaliyo. I-American Iron and Steel Institute ichongwa ngamanani kuthotho lwama-200 nolwama-300, afana no-304.
2. Intsimbi engagqwaliyo yeFerritic.
I-matrix yi ilawulwa yisakhiwo se-ferrite ((isigaba) sesakhiwo se-cubic crystal esigxile emzimbeni, esinobunewunewu kwaye ngokubanzi asinakomelezwa ngonyango lobushushu, kodwa sinokomelezwa kancinci ngokusebenza ngokubandayo. I-American Iron and Steel Institute iphawulwe ngo-430 kunye no-446.
3. Intsimbi engenasici yeMartensitic.
I-matrix yisakhiwo se-martensitic (i-cubic okanye i-cubic ephakathi komzimba), i-magnetic, kwaye iipropati zayo zoomatshini zinokulungiswa ngonyango lobushushu. I-American Iron and Steel Institute ichazwe ngamanani angama-410, 420 kunye nama-440. I-Martensite inesakhiwo se-austenite kubushushu obuphezulu, kwaye xa ipholiswe kubushushu begumbi ngesantya esifanelekileyo, isakhiwo se-austenite sinokuguqulwa sibe yi-martensite (oko kukuthi, iqiniswe).
4. Intsimbi engenasici ye-Austenitic-ferritic (duplex).
I-matrix inesakhiwo se-austenite kunye ne-ferrite esinezigaba ezimbini, kwaye umxholo we-matrix enezigaba ezingaphantsi ungaphezulu kwe-15%. Inomtsalane kwaye inokomelezwa ngokusebenza ngokubandayo. I-329 yintsimbi engagqwaliyo eqhelekileyo ye-duplex. Xa ithelekiswa nentsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-austenitic, intsimbi enezigaba ezimbini inamandla aphezulu, kwaye ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-intergranular kunye nokugqwala koxinzelelo lwe-chloride kunye nokugqwala kwe-pitting kuphuculwe kakhulu.
5. Intsimbi engagqwaliyo eqinisa imvula.
I-matrix yi-austenite okanye i-martensitic structure kwaye inokuqina ngokuqina kwemvula. I-American Iron and Steel Institute iphawulwe ngenombolo yochungechunge lwama-600, efana ne-630, eyi-17-4PH.
Ngokubanzi, ukongeza kwii-alloys, ukumelana nokugqwala kwentsimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic kulunge kakhulu. Kwimeko-bume engagqwali kangako, intsimbi engagqwali ye-ferritic ingasetyenziswa. Kwimeko-bume engagqwali kangako, ukuba izinto kufuneka zibe namandla okanye ubunzima obuphezulu, intsimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic kunye nentsimbi engagqwali yokuqinisa imvula zingasetyenziswa.
Iiklasi eziqhelekileyo zentsimbi engenasici kunye neempawu
01 304 Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo
Yenye yezona ntsimbi zingenasici ze-austenitic ezisetyenziswa kakhulu nezisetyenziswa kakhulu. Ifanelekile ekwenziweni kwezinto ezitsalwa nzulu kunye nemibhobho ye-asidi, izikhongozeli, iindawo zesakhiwo, izixhobo ezahlukeneyo, njl. Ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa izixhobo ezingezizo zemagnethi, ezishushu kancinci kunye nenxalenye.
02 304L Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo
Ukuze kusonjululwe ingxaki yentsimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic ekhabhoni ephantsi kakhulu eyenziwe ngenxa yokuna kwe-Cr23C6 ebangela ukurhawuzelelwa okukhulu kokugqwala kwentsimbi engagqwali ye-304 phantsi kweemeko ezithile, ukuxhathisa kwayo ukugqwala kwe-intergranular kwimeko evakalayo kungcono kakhulu kunokwentsimbi engagqwali ye-304. Ngaphandle kwamandla aphantsi kancinci, ezinye iimpawu zifana nentsimbi engagqwali ye-321. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo ezinganyangekiyo kukugqwala kunye nezinto ezingenakulungiswa emva kokuwelda, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo ezahlukeneyo.
03 304H Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo
Isebe langaphakathi lentsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-304 linobunzima bekhabhoni obuyi-0.04%-0.10%, kwaye ukusebenza kwalo kubushushu obuphezulu kungcono kunokwentsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-304.
04 316 Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo
Ukongeza i-molybdenum ngesiseko sentsimbi ye-10Cr18Ni12 kwenza intsimbi ibe nokumelana okuhle ekunciphiseni ukugqwala okuphakathi kunye nokugqwala kwemingxuma. Kumanzi olwandle nakwezinye iindawo ezahlukeneyo, ukumelana nokugqwala kungcono kunentsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-304, esetyenziswa kakhulu kwizinto ezimelana nokugqwala kwemingxuma.
05 316L Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo
Intsimbi yekhabhoni ephantsi kakhulu inokumelana kakuhle nokugqwala okubangelwa kukurhawuzelelwa phakathi kweegranular kwaye ifanelekile ekwenziweni kwezixhobo ezidityanisiweyo kunye nezixhobo ezinobukhulu obukhulu becandelo, njengezinto ezimelana nokugqwala kwizixhobo ze-petrochemical.
06 316H Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo
Isebe langaphakathi lentsimbi engatyiwayo engama-316 linenxalenye yobunzima bekhabhoni engama-0.04%-0.10%, kwaye ukusebenza kwalo kubushushu obuphezulu kungcono kunentsimbi engatyiwayo engama-316.
07 317 Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo
Ukumelana nokugqwala kunye nokumelana nokuqhekeka kwentsimbi kungcono kunentsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-316L, esetyenziswa ekwenzeni izixhobo ezichasene nokugqwala ze-petrochemical kunye ne-organic acid.
08 321 Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo
Intsimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic eqiniswe yi-titanium, eyongeza i-titanium ukuphucula ukumelana nokugqwala phakathi kweegranular, kwaye ineempawu ezintle zoomatshini ezishushu kakhulu, ingathathelwa indawo yintsimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic ekhabhoni ephantsi kakhulu. Ngaphandle kweziganeko ezikhethekileyo ezifana nokumelana nokugqwala kobushushu obuphezulu okanye i-hydrogen, ayikhuthazwa ukuba isetyenziswe.
09 347 Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo
Intsimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic ezinzileyo yi-Niobium, yongeza i-niobium ukuphucula ukumelana nokugqwala phakathi kwe-granular, ukumelana nokugqwala kwi-asidi, i-alkali, ityuwa kunye nezinye izinto ezigqwalisiweyo kuyafana nentsimbi engagqwali ye-321, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-welding, ingasetyenziswa njengezinto ezimelana nokugqwala kunye nokulwa nokugqwala Intsimbi eshushu isetyenziswa kakhulu kumandla obushushu kunye ne-petrochemical, njengokwenza izikhongozeli, iipayipi, izitshintshi zobushushu, imiphini, iityhubhu ze-furnace kwii-oven zoshishino, kunye nee-thermometer zetyhubhu ye-furnace.
Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo eyi-10 904L
I-Super complete austenitic stainless steel luhlobo lwe-super austenitic stainless steel eyakhiwe yi-OUTOKUMPU eFinland. , Inokumelana okuhle nokugqwala kwii-asidi ezingezizo i-oxidizing ezifana ne-sulfuric acid, i-acetic acid, i-formic acid kunye ne-phosphoric acid, kwaye inokumelana okuhle nokugqwala okuqhekekileyo kunye nokuxhathisa ukugqwala koxinzelelo. Ifanelekile kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-sulfuric acid ezingaphantsi kwama-70°C, kwaye inokumelana okuhle nokugqwala kwi-acetic acid kunye ne-mixed acid ye-formic acid kunye ne-acetic acid kuyo nayiphi na i-concentration kunye nobushushu phantsi koxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo.
Intsimbi engagqwaliyo eyi-11 440C
Intsimbi engagqwaliyo yeMartensitic inobunzima obuphezulu phakathi kweentsimbi ezingagqwaliyo nezingenagqwaliyo, enobunzima obuyi-HRC57. Isetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni ii-nozzles, iibheringi,ibhabhathaneivalvu iicores,ibhabhathaneivalvu izihlalo, imikhono,ivalvu iziqu, njl.
Intsimbi engagqwali eyi-12 17-4PH
Isinyithi esingenasici esiqinisa imvula yeMartensitic esinobunzima be-HRC44 sinamandla aphezulu, silukhuni kwaye siyamelana nokugqwala kwaye asinakusetyenziswa kumaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwama-300°C. Inokumelana okuhle nokugqwala emoyeni kunye ne-asidi okanye ityuwa exutyiweyo. Ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kufana noko kwentsimbi engagqwali engama-304 kunye nentsimbi engagqwali engama-430. Isetyenziselwa ukwenza amaqonga aselwandle, ii-turbine blades,ibhabhathaneivalvu (ii-valve cores, izihlalo zevalve, imikhono, iziqu zevalve) wi-ait.
In ivalvu Uyilo kunye nokukhetha, iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, uthotho, kunye namanqanaba entsimbi engagqwaliyo zihlala zidibana. Xa ukhetha, ingxaki kufuneka iqwalaselwe kwiimbono ezahlukeneyo ezifana nenkqubo ethile ephakathi, ubushushu, uxinzelelo, iindawo ezixineneyo, ukugqwala, kunye neendleko.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Julayi-20-2022
