Iinkqubo zamanzi zikamasipala zifuna iivalvu ezihlala ixesha elide ukuze zikwazi ukuhamba kakuhle, ukutshintsha koxinzelelo, kunye neemeko ezahlukeneyo.Iivalvu zebhabhathanezithandwa kakhulu kwiipayipi eziphakathi ukuya kwezinkulu ngenxa yoyilo lwazo oluncinci, ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko.
Kodwa ukukhetha enye akupheleli nje kubungakanani—izinto ezisetyenziswayo, idiski, isihlalo, uqhagamshelo, umlinganiselo woxinzelelo, ukusebenza, kunye nokufakelwa konke oku kuchaphazela ukuthembeka kwexesha elide. Ivalvu esebenza kwisakhiwo esincinci inokungasebenzi kakuhle kwindawo ephambili yokuhambisa umbane, kwisikhululo sokumpompa, okanye kwindawo yokukhupha amanzi.
Eli nqaku ligubungela ukusetyenziswa kweevalvu zebhabhathane kubonelelo lweenkonzo zikamasipala, iinkcukacha eziphambili, kunye neendlela zokuthintela imiba eqhelekileyo efana nokuvuza, ukusebenza nzima, ukulahleka koxinzelelo, kunye nokuguguleka kwesihlalo kwangethuba.
I. KutheniIivalvu zebhabhathaneZiqhelekile kwiinkqubo zamanzi zikaMasipala
Kwiinethiwekhi zikamasipala, iivalvu zebhabhathane zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiipayipi ezinkulu zokwahlukanisa, ukulawula, kunye nokupompa, zibonelela ngezibonelelo ezintathu eziphambili kuneevalvu zesango:
1. Ubungakanani obuncinci:ubukhulu obufutshane bokujonga ubuso ngobuso bonga indawo kwiigumbi zeevalvu nakwiindawo ezingaphantsi komhlaba.
2. Ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza:ivalvu yebhabhathane kufuneka ijikeleziswe ngama-90° kuphela ukuze ivuleke kwaye ivalwe, kwaye ngegiya ye-worm okanye i-electric/hydraulic actuator, ukusebenza kobubanzi obukhulu kulula.
3. Ukusebenza ngcono kweendleko:Ubunzima obulula bunciphisa iindleko zezinto zokwakha, ezothutho, kunye nezokufakela, nto leyo eyongeza kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu.
Nangona kunjalo, azifanelekanga kuzo zonke iindawo. Idiski ihlala kwindlela yokuhamba, nto leyo ebangela ukulahleka koxinzelelo, kwaye iintlobo ezithambileyo zinokuguga ngokukhawuleza emanzini anesanti okanye agcwele inkunkuma. Soloko uhlola iimeko zendawo ngaphambi kokuba ukhethe.
II. Izicelo eziqhelekileyo kuNikezelo lwaManzi lukaMasipala
Ubonelelo lwamanzi lukamasipala aluyonto inye esebenzayo. Inkqubo yamanzi yesixeko ingabandakanya ukufunxwa kwamanzi amdaka, imibhobho yezityalo zonyango, iindawo zokugcina amanzi acocekileyo, iipayipi zokuhambisa amanzi, izitishi zokumpompa amanzi, iinethiwekhi zokusasaza amanzi, kunye nemigca yamasebe. Iivalvu zebhabhathane zingasetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi kwezi, kodwa iimfuno zoyilo azisoloko zifana.
III. Imibhobho yeZityalo zoNyango lwaManzi
Kwizityalo zokunyanga amanzi, iivalvu zebhabhathane zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukungena nokuphuma kwamanzi, ukucoca, ukuhlamba umva kunye nokulawula inkqubo. Zifuna ukusebenza rhoqo, ukuvala okuthembekileyo kunye nokumelana nokugqwala. Iivalvu zesinyithi ezifakwe i-epoxy-coated zisetyenziswa rhoqo kumanzi acocekileyo kunye namanzi acociweyo. Izitulo zeevalvu ze-EPDM zifanelekile kumanzi okusela kunye neemeko zokusebenza eziqhelekileyo. Iikhemikhali ezikhethekileyo okanye amaqondo obushushu aphezulu afuna ukuqinisekiswa okongezelelweyo.
IV. Izikhululo zokumpompa
Isitishi sepompo yindawo ebalulekileyo yokukhetha iivalvu. Iivalvu zebhabhathane zisetyenziswa kwiipayipi zokufunxa, iipayipi zokukhupha, iipayipi zokudlula kunye neendawo zokwahlukanisa. Kufuneka zibe lula ukuzisebenzisa kwaye zikwazi ukumelana nokuguquguquka koxinzelelo ngexesha lokuqalisa nokuvala. Kwipayipi yokukhupha amanzi, iivalvu zebhabhathane zihlala zisebenzisana neevalvu zokujonga ukuthintela ukubuya kwamanzi; ukuyeka kwepompo ngequbuliso kunokubangela ihamile yamanzi, ngoko ke isantya sokuvala kunye nolawulo lwe-actuator kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngononophelo.
Imigca ye-V. Reservoir kunye neTank Outlet
Iivalvu zebhabhathane zikwasetyenziswa kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi, amachibi okubhukuda nakwiinkqubo zokugcina amanzi acocekileyo. Zidla ngokuvulwa ixesha elide kwaye zivalwe kuphela ukuze zilungiswe. Ukuvalwa kwexesha elide, ukucinezelwa kunye nokulwa nokugqwala kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo. Ukuba ivalvu ayisebenzi rhoqo, emva kweminyaka emininzi ibhokisi yegiya inokubhajwa, isihlalo sevalvu sinokuguga, okanye isiqu sevalvu sinokugqwala, nto leyo echaphazela ukusebenza. Ke ngoko, iiprojekthi zikamasipala akufuneki zijonge kuphela ixabiso lokuthenga, kodwa zikwaqwalasele nokulula kokugcinwa kwexesha elizayo.
VI. Ukuzahlula kwiNethiwekhi yoSasazo
Kwiinethiwekhi zokuhambisa amanzi zikamasipala, iivalvu zisetyenziselwa ukwahlukanisa ukwahlula ukuze kuncitshiswe umgama wokucima kwamanzi ngexesha lokugcinwa. Iivalvu zebhabhathane zifanelekile kwiindawo zokwahlukanisa ezinobukhulu obukhulu ngenxa yobukhulu bazo obuncinci kunye nobunzima obulula. Xa ufaka phantsi komhlaba okanye kwiqula levalvu, indlela yokusebenza kufuneka ikhethwe ngokusekelwe ekufikelelekeni: iiwren ezisetyenziswa ngesandla azifanelekanga kwiidayamitha ezinkulu, ukuhanjiswa kwegiya leempethu kudla ngokusetyenziswa, kwaye iinkqubo ezikude okanye ze-SCADA zixhotyiswe ngee-actuators zombane.
VII. Izinto ezibalulekileyo zokukhetha oomasipalaIivalvu zebhabhathane
Ivalvu yebhabhathane yamanzi kamasipala kufuneka ikhethwe ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zokusebenza zokwenyani endaweni yokukhetha ububanzi obuqhelekileyo. La manqaku alandelayo ahlala ejongwa ngexesha lobunjineli okanye lokuthenga.
1. Uhlobo lweValve kunye noQhagamshelo lokuphela
Iindidi zoqhagamshelo lweevalvu zebhabhathane eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-wafer, i-lug, uhlobo lwe-U, kunye noyilo olune-double flanged. Uhlobo ngalunye luneempawu ezahlukeneyo zokufakelwa.
- Ivalvu yeButterfly yohlobo lweSisityebi:isakhiwo esincinci, esingabizi kakhulu, esisetyenziselwa ukwakha, i-air conditioner kunye nemigca encedisayo kamasipala; nangona kunjalo, uhlobo lweflange okanye uhlobo lwelug luyacetyiswa kwiiprojekthi ezigqunywe okanye ezinzima.
- I-LugTypeIvalvu yebhabhathane:ngee-lugs ezinemisonto, ezinokuxhonywa kumacala omabini, okwenza kube lula ukuyiqhekeza ipayipi kwicala elinye kwaye ifanelekele iindawo zokulungisa.
- KabiniFulusud Ivalvu yebhabhathane: isetyenziselwa imibhobho emikhulu enobubanzi obukhulu, izityalo zamanzi kunye neendawo zokumpompa, enoqhagamshelo oluqinileyo, ukumelana nokungcangcazela okuhle kunye nozinzo oluphezulu.
2. Uvavanyo loxinzelelo
IiPN10, PN16 okanye iClass 150 zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimibhobho yamanzi kamasipala. Olu khetho akufuneki lujonge kuphela uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lokusebenza, kodwa luqwalasele neemeko zokusebenza zexesha elifutshane ezifana nehamile yamanzi, uxinzelelo lokumisa ipompo kunye nomahluko wokuphakama. Umzekelo, nangona uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lombhobho luphantsi kunePN10, ukothuka koxinzelelo okubangelwa kukuqala nokuma kwepompo kunokufuna inqanaba eliphezulu. Uxinzelelo olusebenzayo kunye noxinzelelo lovavanyo kufuneka luqinisekiswe ngaxeshanye ngaphambi kokukhetha.
3. Izinto zomzimba kunye nokwaleka
Umzimba weevalvu zeebhabhathane zamanzi kamasipala udla ngokwenziwa ngentsimbi ethambileyo, enamandla kwaye eqinileyo kunentsimbi engwevu kwaye ifanelekile kwiinkqubo ezithwala uxinzelelo. Amanzi acocekileyo namanzi okusela adla ngokugqunywa nge-epoxy resin edibeneyo yokulwa nokugqwala. Intsimbi ethambileyo yamanzi kamasipala ixabisa kancinci; ukuba kukho amanzi olwandle, amanzi amdaka okanye amanzi arhabaxa kakhulu, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe izinto zentsimbi engagqwaliyo okanye i-aluminium bronze.
4. Izinto zeDiski
Idiski yebhabhathane idibana ngqo nomzimba wamanzi, kwaye izinto zayo zichaphazela ukumelana nokugqwala kunye nokusebenza kokutywina. Izinto ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ziquka intsimbi egqunywe nge-ductile, i-SS304, i-SS316 kunye ne-aluminium bronze. Iinkqubo zamanzi acocekileyo eziqhelekileyo zinokukhetha iipleyiti zebhabhathane zentsimbi egqunywe nge-ductile okanye i-stainless steel, kuxhomekeke kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye neemeko zokusebenza; kumgangatho wamanzi agqunywe nge-corrosive okanye iiprojekthi zaselunxwemeni, kucetyiswa i-SS316 okanye i-aluminium bronze ukuze ihlale ixesha elide.
5. Izinto zeSihlalo
I-EPDM lukhetho lokuqala kwiivalvu zebhabhathane ezitywiniweyo ezithambileyo zamanzi kamasipala, ezimelana namanzi kwaye zilwa nokwaluphala. I-NBR ayimelani neoyile kodwa ayisetyenziswa rhoqo emanzini okusela; i-PTFE inokumelana kakuhle neekhemikhali kodwa ayithambeki kakuhle kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimeko zeekhemikhali okanye zemidiya ekhethekileyo. Ukukhetha isihlalo sevalvu ngendlela engalunganga kunokubangela ukuvuza, ukwanda, ukuqina okanye ukulahleka kwesitywini.
6. Indlela Yokusebenza
Iivalvu ezincinci zebhabhathane zinokusebenzisa izibambo, kwaye ububanzi obukhulu bedolophu budla ngokufuna ukuhanjiswa kwezixhobo zemibungu ukuze kongiwe umsebenzi kwaye kube lula ukulawula ukuvulwa. Ulawulo olukude olunezixhobo zombane, umoya okanye i-hydraulic ezikhethiweyo. Izikhululo zokumpompa kunye neenethiwekhi zemibhobho ezenzekelayo kufuneka zichonge ngononophelo ixesha lokuvala i-actuator: ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kunokubangela i-water hammer, kwaye kancinci kakhulu kusenokungahlangabezani neemfuno zolawulo. Iinkcukacha kufuneka zichongwe ngokusekelwe kubude bombhobho, isantya sokuhamba, iimpawu zepompo kunye nesicwangciso solawulo.
VIII. Jonga ukuhambelana kweFlange
Ngaphambi kokufakwa, umgangatho weflange, ulungiselelo lwemingxunya yebholiti, umphezulu wegasket, kunye nobukhulu bobuso nobuso kufuneka kuqinisekiswe. Imigangatho yeflange eqhelekileyo ibandakanya i-EN, i-DIN, i-ANSI, i-JIS, kunye ne-AS. Ukuba ukubhola kweflange akuhambisani nomzimba wevalvu, ukufakwa ngokunyanzelwa kunokonakalisa ivalvu okanye kudale ukuvuza kuqhagamshelo lweflange.
IX. Gcina iDiski Icacile Ngexesha Lokufaka
Idiski yevalvu yebhabhathane ijikeleza ngaphakathi kwipayipi. Ngexesha lokufakwa, kufuneka kubekho indawo eyaneleyo ukuze idiski ivuleke ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kokudibana nombhobho, iflange, i-gasket, okanye i-lining. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiivalvu zebhabhathane ze-wafer kunye neenkqubo zepayipi ezifakwe umgca.
X. Kuphephe Uxinzelelo Olugqithisileyo Lwemibhobho
Ivalvu akufuneki isetyenziswe ukulungisa ukungahambi kakuhle kombhobho. Ukuba umbhobho awuxhaswanga ngokufanelekileyo, uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lunokudluliselwa emzimbeni wevalvu kunye noqhagamshelo lweflange. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oku kunokubangela ukuvuza, ukusebenza nzima, okanye umonakalo kwisihlalo.
XI. Hlamba uMbhobho Ngaphambi Kokusebenza
Iipayipi zikamasipala zinokuba ne-residual welding slag, isanti kunye nezinye izinto ezimdaka ngaphambi kokuba zisetyenziswe. Ukuba zidlula kwivalvu ngexesha lokusebenza, umphezulu wokuvala uya kukrweleka. Ke ngoko, ukuhlamba umbhobho ngaphambi kokuba usetyenziswe linyathelo elilula kodwa elibalulekileyo.
XII. Iingxaki Eziqhelekileyo Kwizicelo Zeevalvu Zeebhabhathane ZikaMasipala
Kwiprojekthi zamanzi zokwenyani, iingxaki zeevalvu zeebhabhathane zihlala zibangelwa kukudibana kwezinto ezikhethiweyo, ezifakelweyo, nezigcinwayo. Ezi ngxaki zilandelayo zihlala zibonwa:
1. Ukuvuza kwangaphakathi
Kusekho amanzi adlulayo emva kokuvala. Isizathu sisenokuba sisitulo sevalvu sigugile, ipleyiti yebhabhathane yonakele, inkunkuma inamathele kumphezulu wokuvala, izinto azilunganga, okanye i-actuator ayilungiswanga endaweni yayo. Ukuvuza kwangaphakathi kwiinkqubo zikamasipala kudla ngokuba nzima ukukubona kwaye kuvezwa kuphela xa icandelo lokuzihlukanisa lingenakukhutshelwa amanzi ngexesha lokulungiswa.
2. NgaphandleUkuvuza
Kwenzeka kwiindawo zokudityaniswa kweflange, iziqu zevalvu okanye imithungo yomzimba wevalvu. Ukuvuza kweflange kubangelwa kakhulu yi-gasket, ukuqina kwebolt, ukulungelelaniswa kweflange okanye imiba yoxinzelelo lombhobho; ukuvuza kwesiqu sevalvu kunxulumene kakhulu nokuguguleka kokupakisha okanye ukungonwabi kwexesha elide kwiimeko zokusebenza.
3. Kunzima ukuyisebenzisa
Isenokubangelwa kukonakala kwebhokisi yegiya, ukubola kwesiqu sevalvu, ukuguquka kwesihlalo sevalvu, ukuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma okanye umahluko omkhulu woxinzelelo. Iivalvu ezinkulu azifanele zisetyenziswe ngamandla ukuze kuthintelwe ukonakala kwebhokisi yegiya okanye isiqu sevalvu.
4. Ihamile yamanzi kunye nokungcangcazela
Ukuvalwa ngokukhawuleza, ukuyeka kwepompo, ukuhamba okungasemva okanye isantya esiphezulu sokuhamba kwamanzi kunokubangela ihamile yamanzi. Izitishi zokumpompa kunye nemibhobho emide kufuneka ihlolwe ngexesha loyilo. Ingasonjululwa ngokupheleleyo ngokulungelelanisa ixesha lokuvala, ukukhetha iivalvu zokujonga, ukuseta iivalvu zokukhupha umoya, iitanki zokuzinzisa uxinzelelo kunye nokwenza ngcono ingqiqo yolawulo.
XIII. Uluhlu lokuHlola ukuThengwa kweeProjekthi zamanzi zikaMasipala
Ukubonelela ngolwazi olupheleleyo xa ubuza imibuzo kunokunceda ukunciphisa ukungaqondani kwaye kuvumele abavelisi ukuba bacebise ulungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo.
- Ububanzi obuqhelekileyo, obufana ne-DN200
- Uvavanyo loxinzelelo, olufana ne-PN10, i-PN16, okanye iKlasi ye-150
- Uhlobo loqhagamshelo, olufana ne-wafer, i-lug, uhlobo lwe-U, okanye i-double flanged
- Umgangatho weFlange, njenge-EN 1092-2, ANSI B16.5, JIS 10K, okanye i-AS2129
- Phakathi, njengamanzi aluhlaza, amanzi acociweyo, amanzi okusela, okanye amanzi olwandle
- Ubushushu bokusebenza kunye noxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lokusebenza
- Iimfuno zomzimba, idiski, isiqu, kunye nezinto zesihlalo
- Indlela yokusebenza, efana nesiphatho, izixhobo zemibungu, i-actuator yombane, okanye i-actuator ye-hydraulic
- Iimfuno zokufaka uboya, ingakumbi kwiivalvu zentsimbi ezithambileyo
- Iimfuno zesatifikethi okanye zovavanyo, ezinje ngeengxelo zovavanyo loxinzelelo okanye izatifikethi zezinto eziphathekayo
Ukucacisa iinkcukacha kwangaphambili kunokuthintela ingxaki yomahluko omkhulu wamaxabiso kwiivalvu ze-caliber efanayo ngenxa yezixhobo ezahlukeneyo, izihlalo zeevalvu, imigangatho yeflange kunye namanqanaba ovavanyo.
XIV. Ixesha lokusebenzisa iiValve zeSango okanye ukujonga iiValve kunye
Iinkqubo zamanzi zikamasipala zihlala zifuna ukusetyenziswa kweevalvu ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngeevalvu zebhabhathane, iivalvu zesango ezitywinayo, iivalvu zokujonga, iivalvu zokunciphisa uxinzelelo,ivalvu yokukhupha umoyakunye nezihluzi, ngasinye sinendawo yaso efanelekileyo.
- Ivalvu yesango:isetyenziselwa iindawo zemibhobho ezifuna ububanzi obupheleleyo kunye nokulahleka kwamanzi okuncinci.
- Ivalvu yokujonga:Isetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukubuya kwamanzi, ingakumbi kwindawo yokuphuma kwepompo.
- Ivalvu yokunciphisa uxinzelelo:isetyenziselwa ukulawula uxinzelelo lwendawo.
- Ivalvu yebhabhathane:ifanelekile kwiziganeko ezinesithuba esincinci, ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza kunye nokusebenza okubiza kakhulu.
Iivalvu zebhabhathane zihlala zisetyenziswa njengeevalvu zokwahlukanisa kwiindawo zokumpompa, kwaye iivalvu zokujonga nazo zixhotyiswe ukuthintela ukubuya kwamanzi. Ukulinganisa ezi valve njengenkqubo iyonke endaweni yokuziqwalasela nganye nganye kuya kubangela ukuthembeka okuphezulu kokusebenza.
Isiphelo se-XV.
Iivalvu zebhabhathaneZidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zobonelelo lwamanzi zikamasipala, ingakumbi kwizityalo zokunyanga amanzi, kwizikhululo zokumpompa, kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi, kwiintambo zothumelo, nakwiinethiwekhi zokusasaza amanzi. Ulwakhiwo lwazo oluncinci, ubunzima obuphantsi, ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza, kunye neendleko ezikhuphisanayo zenza ukuba zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwemibhobho yamanzi emininzi ephakathi nenkulu. Wamkelekile ukubuza.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-05-2026
