Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga nevalvu yokukhupha umoya wepayipi

1. Kutheni imibhobho kufuneka ixhotyisweivalvu yokukhupha umoya?

Xa imibhobho izaliswe ngamanzi, ibaleka, okanye ikhutshwa, umoya unokuqokelelana ngaphakathi kuyo. Ukuba ayikhutshwa, kuya kubakho "ukuvaleka komoya", okuya kunciphisa ukunqumla kwamanzi kwaye kwandise ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Kwiimeko ezinzima, kunokubangela ukuba ihamile yamanzi ibangele ukuba umbhobho uqhume; ukuba umoya awuzaliswanga ngexesha lokukhupha, uxinzelelo olubi kumbhobho lunokuwisa umbhobho. Umsebenzi wevalvu yokukhupha umoya kukukhupha umoya, ukugcwalisa umoya, ukuthintela ukuvaleka komoya, kunye nokuthintela ihamile yamanzi. Sisiqinisekiso esibalulekileyo sokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwemibhobho.

2. Zithini izakhiwo zezi zintathu?ivalvu yokukhupha umoya?

- Izibuko elinyeivalvu yokukhupha umoya: Iquka umzimba wevalvu, i-float (okanye i-float), indlela yokwenza i-lever kunye nomngxuma wokukhupha umoya onobubanzi obuncinci (malunga ne-1 ukuya kwi-3 mm). Inesakhiwo esilula kwaye ayinamsebenzi wokufunxa.

- Iiport ezimbiniivalvu yokukhupha umoya: Umngxuma wokukhupha umoya onobubanzi obukhulu wongezwa kwivalvu enezibuko elinye ukuze kwenziwe iindawo ezimbini ezinkulu nezincinci zokukhupha umoya. Umngxuma omkhulu uxhotyiswe ngendlela yokuvula nokuvala ngokukhawuleza kwaye unomsebenzi wokufunxa umoya.

- Isantya esiphezulu esidityanisiweyoivalvu yokukhupha umoyaIngaphakathi lisebenzisa uyilo lwe-double float okanye i-split float kunye ne-deflector. I-port enkulu yokukhupha umoya ixhotyiswe ngesakhiwo esikhethekileyo sokuthintela ukuvuthela nokuvala, esinokuvuleka ngokuzinzileyo xa umoya uhamba ngesantya esiphezulu.

3. Yintoni umahluko kwimigaqo yokusebenza kwezi zintathu?ivalvu yokukhupha umoya?

- Izibuko elinyeivalvu yokukhupha umoya: Xa kungekho moya okanye umoya omncinci, iflothi iyadada phezulu ukuze ivale i-exhaust port; xa igesi iqokelelana phezulu kwivalvu kwaye amanzi ehla, iflothi iyawa ize ivule umngxuma omncinci wokukhupha igesi. Ingakhupha kuphela inani elincinci legesi ngesantya esiphantsi, ayinakukhupha ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ayinakuphefumla.

- Iiport ezimbiniivalvu yokukhupha umoya: Xa umbhobho uzaliswe ngamanzi, umoya omninzi ukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza emngxunyeni omkhulu; xa igesi iphantse yaphela, umngxuma omkhulu uyavaleka uze ujike ube yimingxunya emincinci ukuze ukhuphe igesi eseleyo; xa umbhobho ukhutshiwe okanye kuphuma uxinzelelo olubi, umngxuma omkhulu uyafunxa umoya ukuze kuthintelwe uxinzelelo olubi.

- Isantya esiphezulu esidityanisiweyoivalvu yokukhupha umoya: Umsebenzi ufana nevalvu enezibuko ezimbini, kodwa umahluko ophambili kukuba nokuba izinga lokuhamba kwegesi kumbhobho liphezulu kakhulu (ngaphezulu kweemitha ezili-150 ngomzuzwana), umngxuma omkhulu awuyi kuvinjwa kukuhamba komoya kwangaphambili, kwaye unokuqhubeka nokukhupha igesi ngesantya esiphezulu ide iphele ngokupheleleyo igesi, ize ivalwe ngokuthembekileyo.

4. Ziziphi umahluko ophambili phakathi kweentlobo ezintathu zeevalvu?

Ngokwembono yokusebenza, zonke ezi ntlobo zintathu zeevalvu zinokukhupha igesi encinci ngexesha lokusebenza, nto leyo efanayo ngazo. Kodwa kukho umahluko ocacileyo kwezinye iinkalo: ivalvu yokukhupha umoya enezibuko elinye ayinakho ukukwazi ukukhupha igesi eninzi ngokukhawuleza xa izaliswe ngamanzi, kwaye ayinakho ukuphefumla ukuthintela uxinzelelo olubi xa ikhutshwa; ivalvu yokukhupha umoya enezibuko ezimbini inokukhupha igesi eninzi ngokukhawuleza kwaye inokuphefumla ukuthintela uxinzelelo olubi, kodwa ayinakukuphepha ukuvuthuza nokuvaleka phantsi komoya ohamba ngesantya esiphezulu; ivalvu yokukhupha umoya enesantya esiphezulu edibeneyo inakho ukukhupha igesi eninzi ngokukhawuleza, ukuphefumla ukuthintela uxinzelelo olubi, kunye nokuthintela ukuvuthuza nokuvaleka.

Ngokuphathelele ubunzima besakhiwo kunye nexabiso, ivalvu yokukhulula umoya enezibuko elinye yeyona iphantsi, ivalvu yokukhulula umoya enezibuko ezimbini iphakathi, kwaye ivalvu yokukhulula umoya enesantya esiphezulu edibeneyo yeyona iphezulu.

5. Zeziphi iimeko ezisebenza kuzo?

- Izibuko elinyeivalvu yokukhupha umoya: ifanelekile kwiipayipi ezinobukhulu obuncinci, iindawo eziphakamileyo zeendawo zepayipi, izihluzi, izixhobo zesiphelo kunye nezinye iindawo apho kufuneka kukhutshwe khona igesi encinci kuphela.

- Iiport ezimbiniivalvu yokukhupha umoya: Ifanelekile ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi kumgama ophakathi nomfutshane, izityalo zoshishino ngokubanzi, izikhululo zokumpompa ezincinci neziphakathi kunye nezinye iimeko ezifuna ukhuseleko olukhawulezileyo lokukhupha amanzi kunye nokufunxa.

- Isantya esiphezulu esidityanisiweyoivalvu yokukhupha umoya: ifanelekile kwiiprojekthi zokuhambisa amanzi ezikude, ezinomda ophezulu, ezinobubanzi obukhulu, kunye nemibhobho ehamba amanzi amaninzi. Ingasombulula ngokupheleleyo ingozi efihlakeleyo yokuvuthuza nokuvaleka kweevalvu eziqhelekileyo zokukhupha amanzi, kwaye lukhetho lokuqala kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu zokuhambisa amanzi.

6. Zeziphi iingxaki eziphambili ezisombululwa yivalvu yokukhupha umoya ekhawulezayo edityanisiweyo?

Eziqhelekileyoivalvu yokukhupha umoya(kuquka i-single-port kunye ne-double-port) zinobungozi obuqhelekileyo obufihlakeleyo xa zizaliswa ngamanzi okokuqala: xa isantya sokuhamba kwegesi kumbhobho sikhawuleza kakhulu, ukuhamba komoya kunokuqhumisa ngqo ibhola edadayo kwaye kuthintele i-exhaust port, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umoya omninzi ongenakukhutshwa, kunye nobuninzi bomoya obusele kumbhobho. Oku akuchaphazeli nje kuphela ukuhamba kwamanzi, kodwa kunokubangela ukuba i-water hammer iqhume ngexesha lokulungiswa okulandelayo okanye ukucima kwamanzi. Ivalvu yokukhupha umoya ngesantya esiphezulu edibeneyo ithintela ngokupheleleyo ukuvuthuza nokuvaleka ngokuphucula isakhiwo solwelo, ukuqinisekisa ukukhupha ngokupheleleyo kunye nokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo.